發(fā)布時間：2018-06-22 17:25

  本文選題：失業(yè)率 + 就業(yè)保障　； 參考：《西南財經(jīng)大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：失業(yè)問題是個全球化的問題。無論歐洲還是美國,都存在不同程度的失業(yè)現(xiàn)象。然而在我國,大學(xué)生失業(yè)的現(xiàn)象開始越來越吸引著學(xué)界目光。自1999年大學(xué)生擴招以來,我國大學(xué)生失業(yè)問題就成為了學(xué)界一個備受矚目的話題。改革開放三十年來,我國經(jīng)濟取得了舉世矚目的成就,經(jīng)濟的騰飛,生產(chǎn)力的高速發(fā)展,維持了中國GDP的穩(wěn)健增長。然而,我國經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)失衡的問題越來越嚴重,實體經(jīng)濟對經(jīng)濟增長的支撐與貢獻率在下降,而固定資產(chǎn)投資,尤其是房地產(chǎn)投資和出口反而成為了國民經(jīng)濟增長的支柱。經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)的不合理,市場化改革的不徹底,使我們在金融危機的陰影下,找不到真正解決大學(xué)生就業(yè)的切入點,抓不住現(xiàn)有就業(yè)制度改革的重心。與大學(xué)生失業(yè)相對的就是就業(yè),就業(yè)是關(guān)乎國計民生的重要問題,大學(xué)生就業(yè)問題更是重中之重。盡管擴招的政策延續(xù)了十余年,但我國大學(xué)生占據(jù)國民人口總量的比例仍然很低,遠遠低于國外發(fā)達國家平均的水平。大學(xué)的充分就業(yè),實現(xiàn)自己的人生價值,對一個國家的發(fā)展,社會的和諧與穩(wěn)定具有不同尋常的意義。 自從2007年開始,我國大學(xué)生就業(yè)水平開始出現(xiàn)拐點,2008年降低到歷史最低水平,經(jīng)濟體系的脆弱、行業(yè)發(fā)展的結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾以及就業(yè)信息市場的失靈,過于嚴格苛刻的二元戶籍管理制度也與日益發(fā)達的人力資源流動需求產(chǎn)生了矛盾,這些問題都亟須政府的解決。在宏觀層面,對于日益疲憊的實體經(jīng)濟而言,如何激活其創(chuàng)造力和競爭力,引導(dǎo)資金理性投資,引導(dǎo)民間資本回歸到實體經(jīng)濟,而不是去炒作房地產(chǎn)和其他行業(yè),把振興實體經(jīng)濟納入到宏觀經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展層面上來考慮：而在微觀層面,如何解決與大學(xué)就業(yè)息息相關(guān)的就業(yè)保障、法律保障體系建設(shè)、二元戶籍改革、再就業(yè)培訓(xùn)、高校自主權(quán)改革、以及信息化服務(wù)等諸多方面,政府也需要加大投入力度。 從理論上講,對政府大學(xué)生就業(yè)促進職能和政策進行研究,有助于進一步豐富就業(yè)理論以及公共產(chǎn)品投資理論；從實踐上看,對大學(xué)生就業(yè)和失業(yè)問題的研究有利于解決我國高等人才供給與企業(yè)需求之間的錯位矛盾,促進服務(wù)型政府的建設(shè),對大學(xué)生就業(yè)扶助體系的建立亦有實際意義。 論文主要從政府促進就業(yè)的切入點以及如何建立周密的配套扶持政策入手,通過對已有參考文獻的梳理分析,結(jié)合當前中國大學(xué)生就業(yè)形勢,認真研究政府在促進就業(yè)中應(yīng)該承擔的角色和促進就業(yè)的切入點,提出了政府應(yīng)當扮演的恰當角色和相關(guān)的解決辦法。 論文包含六個章節(jié)：第一章為導(dǎo)論;第二章為研究范疇和基礎(chǔ)理論;第三章分別從理論和實踐層次對中國大學(xué)生就業(yè)形勢進行分析,包括現(xiàn)狀、原因及影響。第四章,主要分析政府對大學(xué)生就業(yè)市場的調(diào)控,包括職能演變、現(xiàn)實做法與未來潛力；第五章為論文的核心章節(jié),主要介紹國外相關(guān)經(jīng)驗,提出我國政府促進大學(xué)生就業(yè)戰(zhàn)略的切入點與具體配套政策和措施；第六章是總結(jié)與展望。 總之,本文將從大學(xué)生就業(yè)的實際環(huán)境如何改善入手,同時有針對性的提出政府和相關(guān)機構(gòu)部門該如何做,從現(xiàn)實中發(fā)掘改變大學(xué)生就業(yè)現(xiàn)狀的根本途徑。通過本文探究,幫助政府尋找建立正確的人力資源導(dǎo)向機制以及配套就業(yè)保障體系的切入點和策略。重視人力資本投資的正確導(dǎo)向,讓高成本的投資者能夠找到與之相匹配的崗位,讓不同投資成本的學(xué)生能夠得到企業(yè)理性的認同和包容。經(jīng)過本文重點論述,希望能對政府在引導(dǎo)就業(yè)市場良性發(fā)展上面,以及改革戶籍制度、高校教育制度、就業(yè)保障制度等方面提供幫助。
[Abstract]:Unemployment is a global problem. There are different degrees of unemployment in both Europe and the United States. However, in our country, the phenomenon of unemployment of college students has attracted more and more academic attention. Since the enrollment expansion of college students in 1999, the problem of unemployment of college students in China has become a hot topic in the academic circle. Thirty In the past year, China's economy has made remarkable achievements, the economic development and the rapid development of the productive forces have maintained the steady growth of China's GDP. However, the problem of the unbalanced economic structure in China is becoming more and more serious. The support and contribution rate of the real economy to economic growth is declining, and the investment in fixed assets, especially the investment and export of real estate, is in the opposite direction. It has become the pillar of the national economic growth. The irrational economic structure and the incomplete market reform have made us unable to find a real solution to the employment of college students in the shadow of the financial crisis, and can not hold the focus of the reform of the existing employment system. The problem, the problem of College Students' employment is the most important. Although the policy of expanding enrollment has lasted for more than ten years, the proportion of Chinese college students to occupy the total population is still very low, far below the average level of the developed countries. The full employment of universities, the realization of their own value of life, the development of a country, the harmony and stability of the society There is an unusual meaning.
Since the beginning of 2007, the employment level of college students in China has begun to appear on the turning point, in 2008 to the lowest level in history, the fragility of the economic system, the structural contradiction of the industry development and the failure of the employment information market. The too strict and strict two yuan household registration system also has a contradiction with the increasingly developed human resource flow demand. At the macro level, at the macro level, how to activate its creativity and competitiveness, guide the rational investment of capital, guide the private capital to return to the real economy, rather than stir up the real estate and other industries, and take the revitalization of the real economy into the macro economic development level. At the micro level, how to solve the employment guarantee which is closely related to the employment of University, the construction of the legal guarantee system, the reform of the two yuan household registration, the reemployment training, the reform of the autonomy of the University and the information service, and so on, the government also needs to increase its input.
In theory, the research on the employment promotion function and policy of the government college students will help to further enrich the theory of employment and the theory of public product investment. In practice, the study of the problem of employment and unemployment of college students is helpful to solve the misposition contradiction between the supply of higher talents and the demand of enterprises in China and promote the service government. The construction of the employment assistance system for college students is also of practical significance.
This paper, starting with the entry point of the government to promote employment and how to establish a thorough supporting support policy, through the analysis of the existing reference literature, combined with the current employment situation of Chinese college students, carefully studied the role that the government should undertake in promoting employment and the breakthrough point of promoting the industry, and put forward the proper role that the government should play. When role and related solutions.
The thesis consists of six chapters: the first chapter is the introduction; the second chapter is the research category and the basic theory; the third chapter analyzes the employment situation of Chinese college students from the theoretical and practical levels, including the current situation, the cause and the influence. The fourth chapter mainly analyzes the government's regulation on the employment market of college students, including the function evolution, the practical practice and the future. The fifth chapter is the core chapter of the paper, mainly introducing foreign related experience, and putting forward the entry point and specific supporting policies and measures of our government to promote the employment strategy of college students; the sixth chapter is the summary and prospect.
In a word, this article will start with the improvement of the actual environment of College Students' employment. At the same time, it is pertinent to propose how the government and the relevant agencies should do it and explore the fundamental way to change the employment status of college students from the reality. Through this paper, the government will help the government to find a correct mechanism of human resource guidance and the supporting employment support body. We should attach importance to the correct guidance of the investment of human capital, let the high cost investors find the positions that match it, let the students with different cost of investment get the identification and tolerance of the enterprise rationality. After this article, we hope that the government can guide the good development of the employment market and reform the household. It also provides assistance in the system of higher education, the education system in Colleges and universities, and the employment security system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：G647.38

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