差異發(fā)展教學(xué)理念下高校課程考試改進(jìn)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-05-02 09:48
本文選題:差異發(fā)展 + 差異教學(xué); 參考:《華中師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文
【摘要】:考試問(wèn)題一直吸引著眾多學(xué)者的關(guān)注和討論,對(duì)于考試問(wèn)題的研究也層出不窮。在對(duì)此問(wèn)題探討上學(xué)者們從不同的研究視角,研究方法出發(fā),都試圖對(duì)考試問(wèn)題進(jìn)行深入剖析并提出相應(yīng)的改進(jìn)策略。然而現(xiàn)階段,對(duì)于考試的分類(lèi)繁多,范疇界定較為模糊,按其功能、目的、結(jié)果不同考試被分為不同種類(lèi),概念的模糊為研究帶來(lái)了一定的困難,因此在探討問(wèn)題前我們首先按照領(lǐng)域不同將考試分為教育領(lǐng)域的考試和社會(huì)考試兩大類(lèi)。從之前豐富的研究文獻(xiàn)中可以看出現(xiàn)階段對(duì)于選拔性考試的研究頗多,高校課程考試并未得到重視。高校作為未來(lái)人才培養(yǎng)的搖籃,課程考試作為高等人才培養(yǎng)的重要組成部分,在培養(yǎng)個(gè)性化人才和實(shí)現(xiàn)人的差異化發(fā)展中具有不可替代的作用。 高等教育在科技迅速發(fā)展和新的時(shí)代背景下對(duì)高校教學(xué)及考試提出了新的要求,課程考試在適應(yīng)高教發(fā)展中必須不斷自我完善和調(diào)整以適應(yīng)時(shí)代發(fā)展。從目前高校人才培養(yǎng)質(zhì)量和課程考試的現(xiàn)狀來(lái)看,課程考試作為檢驗(yàn)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)情況的工具已經(jīng)凸顯出大量問(wèn)題。無(wú)論是教師還是學(xué)生都把課程考試作為教學(xué)的終點(diǎn),課程考試被教師認(rèn)為是教學(xué)活動(dòng)結(jié)束和教學(xué)任務(wù)完成的標(biāo)志,學(xué)生抱著應(yīng)付的態(tài)度對(duì)待考試。考試已經(jīng)失去了它應(yīng)有的指導(dǎo)和改進(jìn)教學(xué)功能,并且極大的挫傷了學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)主動(dòng)性和自主性。此類(lèi)現(xiàn)象引發(fā)了個(gè)人的思考和關(guān)注,希望通過(guò)對(duì)高?荚嚨难芯,不僅可以深化對(duì)高校課程考試的理性認(rèn)識(shí),完善系統(tǒng)理論知識(shí),還可以讓我們對(duì)于課程考試這一實(shí)踐性活動(dòng)有更多的了解和認(rèn)識(shí),通過(guò)不同的角度和視野,有利于我們用理性、科學(xué)的態(tài)度處理和改善考試中存在的問(wèn)題。 本文是建立在差異發(fā)展教學(xué)理念基礎(chǔ)上,差異發(fā)展教學(xué)理念不僅有馬克思主義關(guān)于人的全面發(fā)展、建構(gòu)主義學(xué)習(xí)觀等堅(jiān)實(shí)的理論基礎(chǔ),并且有一定的現(xiàn)實(shí)訴求,是最終實(shí)現(xiàn)教育公平的重要手段。文章通過(guò)運(yùn)用問(wèn)卷調(diào)查及訪談等方式了解目前高校課程考試中存在的弊端:學(xué)生片面追求高分,忽視對(duì)知識(shí)的掌握和個(gè)人的成長(zhǎng)發(fā)展,學(xué)校扭曲了教育目的和人才培養(yǎng)方向;考試內(nèi)容局限于教材,無(wú)法開(kāi)拓學(xué)生的眼界和視野;課程考試方式單一,忽視學(xué)生的主體性和差異發(fā)展;考試監(jiān)管制度不夠完善,甚至出現(xiàn)舞弊現(xiàn)象,嚴(yán)重干擾教學(xué)秩序。 通過(guò)對(duì)考試中存在的問(wèn)題透視,從考試和教學(xué)的關(guān)系分析,考試的基本功能是為了指導(dǎo)和改進(jìn)教學(xué),考試的根本目的是為了促進(jìn)學(xué)生主體性的個(gè)性化、差異化發(fā)展。在此基礎(chǔ)上意識(shí)到以考促教才是保證教育系統(tǒng)正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的前提。通過(guò)深入分析問(wèn)題根源,認(rèn)為高校課程考試與教學(xué)不和諧的背后是由以下原因?qū)е拢核枷胗^念層面,教師、學(xué)生、教育管理者對(duì)考試觀念的滯后,認(rèn)為考試是教學(xué)活動(dòng)結(jié)束的標(biāo)志,并未深入了解考試背后分?jǐn)?shù)的意義;技術(shù)操作層面,目前高校課程考試以教師自主命題為主,因此考試的內(nèi)容、形式及評(píng)判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)主要以容易受各科授課教師的自身教學(xué)水平影響;管理層面,缺乏相應(yīng)的考試監(jiān)管部門(mén)和考試管理制度保障。 最后,通過(guò)比較和借鑒英美發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的考試方法提出了部分改進(jìn)設(shè)想:教育管理者、教師、學(xué)生都要轉(zhuǎn)變傳統(tǒng)的考試觀,樹(shù)立差異發(fā)展的教學(xué)理念和科學(xué)考試觀;建立多層次多樣化考試形式以適應(yīng)不同的專(zhuān)業(yè)體系和學(xué)科特色;對(duì)于考試內(nèi)容和考核方式的充實(shí)和創(chuàng)新,以適應(yīng)學(xué)生心理特點(diǎn)和知識(shí)構(gòu)架體系的構(gòu)建;考試評(píng)估方式的優(yōu)化和升級(jí);建立科學(xué)完善的考試評(píng)價(jià)體系,全面掌握學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)不同階段的進(jìn)度和知識(shí)完整度并根據(jù)反饋?zhàn)龀鱿鄳?yīng)調(diào)整,以適應(yīng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程的心理變化,發(fā)揮指引和導(dǎo)向作用。
[Abstract]:The examination problem has attracted a lot of scholars ' attention and discussion , and the research on the examination problem is not very poor . In this paper , the author tries to deeply analyze the examination questions and put forward the corresponding improvement strategies .
With the rapid development of science and technology and the new era background , higher education puts forward new demands on the teaching and examination of colleges and universities .
This paper is based on the concept of differential development teaching , which not only has the solid theoretical foundation of Marxism on man ' s comprehensive development , constructivist learning view , but also has certain realistic appeal and is an important means to realize the fairness of education .
The content of examination is limited to the teaching material , which can ' t open up the students ' horizons and horizons ;
The curriculum examination method is single , ignoring the student ' s subjectivity and the difference development ;
The examination and supervision system is not perfect , even the phenomenon of fraud , which seriously interferes with the teaching order .
Through the analysis of the relationship between the examination and the teaching , the basic function of the examination is to guide and improve the teaching . The basic purpose of the examination is to promote the individual and differentiated development of the students ' subjectivity .
At the level of technical operation , the current college curriculum examination is based on the teacher ' s independent proposition , so the content , form and evaluation criteria of the examination are mainly influenced by the self - teaching level of the teachers in various subjects ;
Management level , lack of corresponding test supervision department and examination management system guarantee .
Finally , by comparing and using the examination method of British and American developed countries , some improvement ideas are put forward : education administrators , teachers and students should change the traditional examination view , and set up the teaching concept and the scientific examination view of the difference development ;
Establish a multi - level diversified examination form to adapt to different professional systems and disciplines ;
To enrich and innovate the examination content and the examination method , to adapt to the students ' psychological characteristics and the construction of the knowledge framework system ;
The optimization and upgrading of the examination and evaluation mode ;
Establish a scientific and perfect examination and evaluation system , fully master the progress and knowledge completeness of different stages of students ' learning , and make corresponding adjustment according to the feedback so as to adapt to the psychological change of the students ' learning process , and to exert guidance and guidance .
【學(xué)位授予單位】:華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】:G642.474
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