發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-30 11:51

  本文選題：大學(xué) + 二級(jí)學(xué)院��； 參考：《南京師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：學(xué)院在12世紀(jì)70年代首創(chuàng)于法國(guó)的巴黎大學(xué),發(fā)展到今天,學(xué)院存在于大學(xué)之中已有八百多年的歷史,雖然現(xiàn)在的學(xué)院與最初產(chǎn)生時(shí)有很大不同,但經(jīng)歷歷史滄桑巨變依然存在的學(xué)院必定有其獨(dú)特之處。阿特巴赫在《高等教育的發(fā)展模式》中講到“世界上只有一種共同的學(xué)院模式”,可見(jiàn),學(xué)院是世界大學(xué)共同保存下來(lái)的唯一的遺產(chǎn)。 學(xué)院在我國(guó)的創(chuàng)立經(jīng)歷了波折的過(guò)程,1952年的院系調(diào)整使學(xué)院在我國(guó)的大學(xué)中瞬間消失。而到了20世紀(jì)八九十年代,我國(guó)大學(xué)又紛紛開(kāi)始重設(shè)學(xué)院,經(jīng)過(guò)二十年的發(fā)展,大部分大學(xué)已經(jīng)組建了學(xué)院,學(xué)院在大學(xué)中發(fā)揮的作用也日益顯現(xiàn)出來(lái)。但是學(xué)院建設(shè)不是一勞永逸的,并非建立了學(xué)院就是實(shí)行學(xué)院制,學(xué)院制的實(shí)施還需要一些相應(yīng)的制度環(huán)境來(lái)保障。在我國(guó)大學(xué)設(shè)立學(xué)院的過(guò)程中存在不少問(wèn)題,如有些大學(xué)設(shè)置學(xué)院的隨意性大,學(xué)院名稱(chēng)不規(guī)范、不統(tǒng)一；學(xué)院劃分過(guò)細(xì),內(nèi)部學(xué)科容量小,不利于多科性創(chuàng)新型人才的培養(yǎng)；學(xué)院數(shù)量過(guò)多,大學(xué)管理幅度過(guò)寬,影響管理效率；學(xué)院在人事管理、財(cái)務(wù)管刪等方面缺乏自主權(quán)等等。 基于以上狀況,本研究選取我國(guó)稱(chēng)為大學(xué)的本科高校作為研究樣本,從各大學(xué)網(wǎng)站中搜集其學(xué)院設(shè)置情況并進(jìn)行綜合分析。首先,對(duì)學(xué)院進(jìn)行數(shù)量分析：從整體角度對(duì)所有學(xué)院進(jìn)行數(shù)量分析；按照學(xué)科門(mén)類(lèi)把學(xué)院進(jìn)行分類(lèi),分析各學(xué)科學(xué)院數(shù)量和設(shè)置情況以及跨學(xué)科學(xué)院的設(shè)置情況；并分析大學(xué)的師生數(shù)量與學(xué)院數(shù)量的相關(guān)性。通過(guò)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)院數(shù)量存在以下特征：各大學(xué)的學(xué)院數(shù)量分布集中；各學(xué)院的數(shù)量參差不齊；各學(xué)科門(mén)類(lèi)中的學(xué)院數(shù)量不均；不同學(xué)科門(mén)類(lèi)學(xué)院設(shè)置依據(jù)的比例不均。第二,按照學(xué)位授予權(quán)的不同把大學(xué)分為有博士學(xué)位授予權(quán)的211大學(xué)、有博士學(xué)位授予權(quán)的非211大學(xué)、有碩士學(xué)位授予權(quán)的大學(xué)和只有學(xué)士學(xué)位授予權(quán)的大學(xué)四類(lèi),對(duì)各類(lèi)大學(xué)的學(xué)院設(shè)置情況進(jìn)行剖析和比較；對(duì)院系并存大學(xué)的學(xué)院設(shè)置情況進(jìn)行分析。第三,從內(nèi)因和外因兩個(gè)角度分析我國(guó)大學(xué)學(xué)院設(shè)置的影響因素,總結(jié)學(xué)院設(shè)置中存在的問(wèn)題：學(xué)院數(shù)量過(guò)多；學(xué)院名稱(chēng)不規(guī)范且頻繁變更；學(xué)院設(shè)置的隨意性；學(xué)院沒(méi)置市場(chǎng)化；追求“齊全”,忽視基礎(chǔ)性學(xué)科；忽視人文科學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)地位；跨學(xué)科學(xué)院的學(xué)科跨度小,數(shù)量少。 最后提出,學(xué)院設(shè)置要以學(xué)科為基礎(chǔ),學(xué)院設(shè)置的目的就是要最大限度地促進(jìn)學(xué)科的發(fā)展。在此基礎(chǔ)上,提出學(xué)院設(shè)置的原則是要堅(jiān)持學(xué)科發(fā)展的內(nèi)部邏輯,同時(shí)在一定程度上適應(yīng)社會(huì)環(huán)境發(fā)展的需要,達(dá)到內(nèi)部邏輯和外部邏輯的統(tǒng)一。以上述研究為依據(jù),提出學(xué)院設(shè)置要遵循知識(shí)發(fā)展的邏輯,在學(xué)科分化和學(xué)科綜合的基礎(chǔ)上創(chuàng)新學(xué)術(shù)組織,推動(dòng)跨學(xué)科和超學(xué)科研究的發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The institute was first founded in the 1270s at the University of Paris in France. Today, it has existed in the university for more than 800 years, although the present school is quite different from when it was originally created. But the college that still exists after the vicissitudes of history must have its own uniqueness. "there is only one common college model in the world", said Atbach in the Development Model of higher Education. It can be seen that college is the only heritage of the world's universities. The establishment of the college in our country experienced twists and turns, and the adjustment of the faculty and department in 1952 made the college disappear in the universities of our country. In the 1980s and 1990s, universities in China began to re-establish colleges. After 20 years of development, most universities have set up colleges, and the role of colleges in universities is increasingly apparent. But the college construction is not once and for all, either the establishment of the college or the implementation of the college system, the implementation of the college system also needs some corresponding institutional environment to ensure. There are many problems in the process of setting up colleges in our country, for example, some universities have great arbitrariness in setting up colleges, the names of colleges are not standardized and unified, the division of colleges is too small, and the capacity of internal disciplines is small, which is not conducive to the cultivation of innovative talents of multiple subjects. The number of colleges is too large and the scope of university management is too wide, which affects the efficiency of management, and the college lacks autonomy in personnel management, financial management and deletion, etc. Based on the above situation, this study selects the undergraduate colleges and universities called universities in China as the research samples, collects the college settings from the websites of each university and makes a comprehensive analysis. First of all, carry on the quantity analysis to the college: carry on the quantity analysis to all the colleges from the whole angle, classify the college according to the subject category, analyze the quantity and the setting situation of each discipline college and the setting of the cross-subject college; And analyzes the correlation between the number of teachers and students and the number of colleges. It is found that the number of colleges has the following characteristics: the number of colleges in each university is concentrated, the number of colleges is uneven, the number of colleges in each subject category is uneven, and the proportion of different subject colleges is uneven. Secondly, according to the different powers of granting degrees, universities are divided into four categories: 211 universities with the right to grant doctorates, non-211 universities with the power to grant doctorates, universities with the power to grant master's degrees and universities with only the power to grant bachelor's degrees. This paper analyzes and compares the establishment of colleges in various universities, and analyzes the establishment of colleges and universities co-existing with colleges and departments. Thirdly, it analyzes the influencing factors of college setting in our country from two angles of internal cause and external cause, and summarizes the problems existing in the establishment of college: the excessive number of colleges, the irregular and frequent change of college name, the arbitrariness of college setting; The college has no marketization, pursues "complete", neglects the basic subject, neglects the basic position of the humanities, and the interdisciplinary college has a small span and a small number of subjects. Finally, the establishment of the college should be based on the discipline, and the purpose of the establishment of the college is to promote the development of the discipline to the maximum extent. On this basis, it is put forward that the principle of college establishment is to adhere to the internal logic of discipline development, to meet the needs of social environment development to a certain extent, and to achieve the unity of internal logic and external logic. On the basis of the above research, it is proposed that the establishment of colleges should follow the logic of knowledge development, innovate academic organizations on the basis of discipline differentiation and discipline synthesis, and promote the development of interdisciplinary and cross-disciplinary research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：G647

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本文編號(hào)：1824446