人力資本與社會資本對我國新生代大學生就業(yè)質量的影響機制研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-14 06:27
【摘要】：隨著我國市場經(jīng)濟的不斷深化改革，我國就業(yè)體制也逐步由“國家分配”向“雙向選擇、自主擇業(yè)”的方向轉變；并且自1999年以來，全國各大高校開始實施擴招政策，這進一步導致了我國大學畢業(yè)生數(shù)量的日益增多，，勞動力市場逐步由買方市場向賣方市場轉變；加之2008年由美國次貸危機引發(fā)的全球性金融海嘯，使得大學生的就業(yè)問題變得越發(fā)嚴峻。 而與此同時，“就業(yè)質量”概念的提出，引起了全社會的普遍關注。其中，有關大學生就業(yè)質量問題的研究也非常豐富。筆者基于以往的研究成果，通過對國內(nèi)外相關文獻資料進行梳理與總結，并結合我國的具體國情，試圖從社會資本與人力資本的雙重視角出發(fā)，分析二者對我國新生代大學生就業(yè)質量的影響機制。 具體來說，在人力資本的研究方面，舒爾茨與貝克爾等人將受教育程度與工作經(jīng)驗視為構成個體人力資本的重要組織因素。本文鑒于大學生群體的特殊性，將大學生的人力資本劃分為受教育程度與實踐經(jīng)驗兩方面，并采用國際上已經(jīng)廣泛使用的成熟量表對我國大學生的人力資本進行測量；此外，本文采用社會資本即社會網(wǎng)絡的觀點，將“社會資本”劃分為先賦性社會資本與自致性社會資本，并分別采用家庭社會經(jīng)濟地位（SES）量表與社會網(wǎng)絡模型量表對我國新生代大學生的先賦性社會資本與自致性社會資本進行測量；在大學生就業(yè)質量的描述方面，通過構建就業(yè)質量指標體系的方式對我國新生代大學生的就業(yè)質量進行概念界定與測量。最后，通過對收集的數(shù)據(jù)進行描述性統(tǒng)計分析、差異性分析、多元回歸分析等統(tǒng)計方法，對我國大學生的人力資本、社會資本、就業(yè)質量三者間的關系進行考察，從而得出研究結論。并在研究結論的基礎上，分別從大學生個體、高校、政府三個層面提出提升我國大學生就業(yè)質量的對策與建議。
[Abstract]:With the deepening reform of our market economy, the employment system of our country has gradually changed from "national distribution" to "two-way choice and independent choice of employment". Since 1999, colleges and universities in China began to implement the policy of enrollment expansion, which further led to the increasing number of college graduates in China, the labor market gradually changed from the buyer's market to the seller's market. Combined with the global financial tsunami triggered by the subprime mortgage crisis in 2008, the employment problem of college students becomes more and more serious. At the same time, the concept of "employment quality" has aroused widespread concern in the whole society. Among them, the research on the quality of employment of college students is also very rich. Based on the previous research results, through combing and summing up the relevant literature at home and abroad, and combining the specific conditions of our country, the author tries to proceed from the dual perspective of social capital and human capital. This paper analyzes the mechanism of their influence on the employment quality of the new generation of college students in China. Specifically, in the research of human capital, Schultz and Becker regard education level and work experience as important organizational factors of individual human capital. In view of the particularity of college students, this paper divides the human capital of college students into two aspects: education level and practical experience, and measures the human capital of Chinese college students by using the mature scale which has been widely used in the world. In addition, in this paper, social capital is divided into preexisting social capital and self-induced social capital by adopting the viewpoint of social capital as social network. (SES) and social network model were used to measure the preexisting social capital and self-induced social capital of the new generation of college students in China. In terms of the description of college students' employment quality, this paper defines and measures the employment quality of the new generation of college students by constructing the employment quality index system. Finally, through descriptive statistical analysis, difference analysis, multiple regression analysis and other statistical methods, the relationship among human capital, social capital and employment quality of college students in China is investigated. Thus, the conclusion of the study is drawn. On the basis of the conclusion of the research, the author puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions to improve the employment quality of college students from three levels: individual, university and government.
【學位授予單位】：中國政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：G647.38;F224;F249.21
本文編號：2378093
[Abstract]:With the deepening reform of our market economy, the employment system of our country has gradually changed from "national distribution" to "two-way choice and independent choice of employment". Since 1999, colleges and universities in China began to implement the policy of enrollment expansion, which further led to the increasing number of college graduates in China, the labor market gradually changed from the buyer's market to the seller's market. Combined with the global financial tsunami triggered by the subprime mortgage crisis in 2008, the employment problem of college students becomes more and more serious. At the same time, the concept of "employment quality" has aroused widespread concern in the whole society. Among them, the research on the quality of employment of college students is also very rich. Based on the previous research results, through combing and summing up the relevant literature at home and abroad, and combining the specific conditions of our country, the author tries to proceed from the dual perspective of social capital and human capital. This paper analyzes the mechanism of their influence on the employment quality of the new generation of college students in China. Specifically, in the research of human capital, Schultz and Becker regard education level and work experience as important organizational factors of individual human capital. In view of the particularity of college students, this paper divides the human capital of college students into two aspects: education level and practical experience, and measures the human capital of Chinese college students by using the mature scale which has been widely used in the world. In addition, in this paper, social capital is divided into preexisting social capital and self-induced social capital by adopting the viewpoint of social capital as social network. (SES) and social network model were used to measure the preexisting social capital and self-induced social capital of the new generation of college students in China. In terms of the description of college students' employment quality, this paper defines and measures the employment quality of the new generation of college students by constructing the employment quality index system. Finally, through descriptive statistical analysis, difference analysis, multiple regression analysis and other statistical methods, the relationship among human capital, social capital and employment quality of college students in China is investigated. Thus, the conclusion of the study is drawn. On the basis of the conclusion of the research, the author puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions to improve the employment quality of college students from three levels: individual, university and government.
【學位授予單位】：中國政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：G647.38;F224;F249.21
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