發(fā)布時間：2018-04-23 22:40

  本文選題：大學排名 + 排名機構��； 參考：《福建農林大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：大學排名是高等教育發(fā)展到一定階段的產(chǎn)物，是高等教育系統(tǒng)內外部競爭環(huán)境日益激烈化的結果。大學排名已經(jīng)不再是社會系統(tǒng)中可有可無的與高等教育相關的活動。但是，由于大學排名機構及排名活動中存在的問題及外界認識的偏頗，關于大學排名的質疑聲不斷，其核心是對大學排名機構的質疑。本研究通過對大學排名的歷史梳理，及國內外大學排名的比較分析，論述了大學排名機構的功能，實現(xiàn)路徑，存在的問題及相應的解決策略。 從大學排名的發(fā)展歷程來看，國內外大學排名現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn)時間均早于排名機構的形成。但是，直到大學排名機構出現(xiàn)后，大學排名活動的影響才迅速擴張，，大學排名方法論與組織程序才逐步開啟了規(guī)范化、透明化、科學化的探索。從大學排名機構的性質來看，其具有“第三部門”的屬性特征。它既不從屬于政府也與市場有一定的距離，具有非營利性、獨立性、開放性、服務性等特征。從大學排名機構的功能來看，主要包括：第一，為學生與家長擇校提供信息。這是大學排名機構的基本功能。第二，對大學進行社會監(jiān)督，在一定程度上滿足公眾對大學的問責。第三，服務于大學自我診斷。這是大學排名的拓展功能。第四，服務于政府決策。第五，研究大學排名。就我國大學排名的現(xiàn)實來看，排名機構的功能相對比較多元化，為學生選擇大學與專業(yè)提供大學信息依然是其主要功能。此外，大學排名服務于我國世界一流大學建設的新功能也逐步凸顯出來。 我國大學排名機構類型及排行榜的類型結構逐步多樣化，主要包括研究機構、民間組織及企業(yè)（新聞媒體），發(fā)布世界大學排名榜與國別大學排名榜。但是，就我國排行榜的發(fā)布來看，我國大學排行榜的類型逐步泛化，基于需要或者研究者興趣推出的各類新式排行榜層出不窮。由于排名結果的日益泛化，我國大學排名機構的排名活動也難以完全按照其排名目的進行。 我國大學排名一方面呈現(xiàn)出繁榮發(fā)展的態(tài)勢，另一方面也呈現(xiàn)出諸多不和諧的因素。其一，排名指標實現(xiàn)了從單一指標排名到復合指標的轉化，服務對象逐步呈現(xiàn)多元化、多層次性。大學排名數(shù)據(jù)來源逐步客觀化、多元化，數(shù)據(jù)處理方式日益科學化，排名指標體系設計日益完善，排名結果的形式日益多樣，排名結果的發(fā)布更加及時。但是，我國大學排名的繁榮發(fā)展也形成了諸多負面效應。大學排名的科學性與可信度。學科之間、大學之間存在的差異性難以用統(tǒng)一的指標進行衡量。同時，諸多來自新聞媒體、研究者等質疑大學排名的科學性與真實性。這些質疑直接影響到了大學排名的公信力�？傊�，大學排名已經(jīng)構筑成了一個“利益”的消費場所。這一場所中包含了支持、反對等多種呼聲。 大學排名的存在與發(fā)展已經(jīng)成為一個不可回避的話題。引導大學排名的規(guī)范發(fā)展成為擴大大學排名的正向功能、削弱負面影響的必然選擇。大學排名的規(guī)范需要兼顧到大學排名機構、大學及其它利益相關者的權益。因此，大學排名新秩序的構建需要明確大學排名機構的“第三部門”屬性，建立排名機構的準入機制，規(guī)范排名過程的組織程序，合理引導公眾、大學及其它利益相關者正確認識大學排名。
[Abstract]:The ranking of universities is the product of the development of higher education to a certain stage. It is the result of the increasingly fierce competition environment inside and outside the higher education system. The university ranking is no longer a dispensable activity related to higher education in the social system. The core of the question about university rankings is the question of the university rankings. This study discusses the function, the path, the existing problems and the corresponding solutions of the university rankings through the history of the university rankings and the comparative analysis of university rankings at home and abroad.
From the development course of university rankings, the emergence time of university rankings both at home and abroad is earlier than the formation of ranking institutions. However, it is only after the emergence of the university ranking institutions that the influence of the university rankings has expanded rapidly. The methodology and the organizational procedure of the university rankings have gradually opened up a standardized, transparent and scientific exploration. By the nature of the name organization, it has the characteristics of the "third sector". It does not have a certain distance from the government and the market, has the characteristics of non profit, independence, openness and service. From the function of the university rankings institution, it mainly includes: first, it provides information for students and parents to choose school. This is the university ranking machine. The basic functions of the construction. Second, social supervision of the University, to a certain extent to meet the public accountability to the University. Third, to serve the University self diagnosis. This is the university rankings extension function. Fourth, service to government decision-making. Fifth, the study of university rankings. On the reality of China's University scheduling, the function of the ranking institutions is relative comparison. Diversification, it is still the main function for students to choose universities and majors to provide university information. In addition, the new functions of the university ranking service to the construction of the world's first-class universities are also gradually highlighted.
The types and the types of the rankings are gradually diversified in China, including research institutions, civil organizations and enterprises (news media), publishing the ranking list of the world university and the ranking list of country universities. However, the type of Chinese rankings is gradually generalized, based on needs or researchers. The list of new charts of interest has come out in an endless stream. As the results of the rankings become more and more extensive, the ranking activities of our university rankings are also difficult to carry out completely according to their ranking.
On the one hand, China's university rankings show a trend of prosperity and development, on the other hand, there are many disharmonious factors. First, the ranking index has realized the transformation from a single index to a compound index, and the object of service is gradually diversified and multi-level. The data source of the university ranking is gradually objectified, diversified and data processing day The design of the ranking index system is becoming more and more perfect, the form of ranking results is increasingly diverse and the result of the ranking is more timely. However, the prosperity and development of the university rankings have also formed many negative effects. The scientific and credibility of the university rankings. The differences between universities and Universities are difficult to use a unified index. At the same time, many of the news media, researchers, etc. questioned the science and authenticity of the university rankings. These questions directly affect the credibility of the university rankings. In short, the university rankings have been built into a "interest" consumption place.
The existence and development of the university rankings have become an unavoidable topic. The standard development to guide the university rankings has become the positive function of expanding the university rankings and the inevitable choice to weaken the negative effects. The standard of the university rankings needs to take into account the rights and interests of the university ranking institutions, the University and its benefit related people. Therefore, the University ranks new rank. The construction of order needs to clarify the "third sector" attributes of the university rankings institutions, establish the access mechanism of the ranking institutions, standardize the organizational procedures of the ranking process, rationally guide the public, and the universities and other stakeholders to correctly understand the university rankings.

【學位授予單位】：福建農林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：G649.2

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本文編號：1793991