本文選題：場認知方式 + 大學生��； 參考：《廣西師范學院》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：認知方式是心理學中一種重要的個體差異變量,也是人格結構的重要維度之一。美國心理學家榮格最早對個體在進行認知加工時采用何種策略進行了研究,后經(jīng)素有“認知方式之父”之稱的美國心理學家Witkin改進并最終提出了場認知方式理論構想。該理論認為,場依存性的人往往借助外界視場中的線索進行認知判斷；而場獨立性的人往往借助自身內(nèi)在線索進行認知判斷。心理旋轉是空間認知能力中關于表象理論研究中的重要部分,是一種獨立的心理過程。本研究將不同認知方式的旋轉主體與旋轉對象聯(lián)系起來,通過三因素混合實驗,運用眼動儀技術追蹤眼動數(shù)據(jù),將不同場認知方式下大學生心理旋轉的情況進行分析,旨在給不同認知方式的人提供參考,使其對自身在某些方面的成長及未來成就能進行較好的預測,選擇更適合自己的發(fā)展領域,并為教育者在因材施教上提供參考依據(jù)。 本研究的第一部分對相關理論進行了闡述,包含：場認知方式的基本理論及測量方法、場認知方式的生理基礎及應用研究；心理旋轉的基本理論、心理旋轉的神經(jīng)生理機制、心理旋轉的個體差異、影響心理旋轉的因素和心理旋轉與眼動的關系,從整體上梳理了場認知方式和心理旋轉研究中的熱點問題。 第二部分為實證研究,由兩部分組成。通過運用眼動測量的方法,對不同刺激方式下不同場認知方式客體在心理旋轉實驗中的差異及生理機制進行了分析。第一部分采用張厚粲等編制的中國版鑲嵌圖形測驗篩選被試,在114名師范院校在校大學生中,挑選出27名右利手被試(場依存組被試10人；場中間組被試8人和場獨立性被試9名)；第二部分是實驗部分,由兩個實驗構成,選取了漢字和字母這兩種常見的認知材料,運用眼動測量技術來研究不同場認知方式對大學生心理旋轉的影響。兩個實驗所采用的是3(場認知方式)*2(正像/鏡像)*6(旋轉角度)的混合型實驗設計,其中場認知方式與正像/鏡像、旋轉角度三個因素之間是被試間設計,正像/鏡像與旋轉角度之間是被試內(nèi)設計(重復測量的兩個因素)。 綜合實驗結果,得出以下結論： 1、漢字和字母在心理旋轉的認知加工過程中,反應時呈倒U型曲線。隨著旋轉角度的增加而增長,旋轉到180°時,反應時最長,曲線兩側的趨勢以180°為中線對稱。 2、漢字和字母在心理旋轉的認知加工過程中,正確率呈U型曲線。正確率隨著旋轉角度的增加而降低,旋轉到180°時,正確率最低,曲線兩側的趨勢以180°為中線對稱。 3、漢字和字母在心理旋轉的眼動指標上,在總注視次數(shù)、眼跳次數(shù)、瞳孔直徑的眼動指標上,漢字大于字母。隨后以180°為界點,曲線兩側的變化趨勢呈對稱狀。 4、場獨立性的被試比場依存性的被試反應時短,而且正確率高；場中間性的被試介于兩者之間。三類被試的反應時、正確率曲線趨勢是相似的。 5、場獨立性的被試和場依存性在眼動指標上,總注視次數(shù)、眼跳次數(shù)少,場中間性的被試介于兩者之間。三類被試的總注視次數(shù)、眼跳次數(shù)、瞳孔直徑的曲線趨勢是相似的。 6、心理旋轉是一個類比的過程,與客體的物理旋轉是類似的,也要經(jīng)歷一些中間階段。而且旋轉過程要采用一定策略,策略的轉折點發(fā)生在180°,表現(xiàn)出明顯的智慧色彩。
[Abstract]:Cognitive style is an important individual difference variable in psychology and one of the important dimensions of the personality structure. The American psychologist Carl Jung studied the strategy of the individual in cognitive processing, and then the American psychologist Witkin, known as the "father of cognitive style", improved and finally put forward a recognition. This theory holds that people with field dependence often use clues in the field of view of the outside world to make cognitive judgments; and people with field independence often use their own online cables to make cognitive judgments. Psychological rotation is a major part of the study of the spatial cognitive ability and an independent psychological process. In the study, the rotating subjects of different cognitive styles are linked to the rotating objects. Through the three factors mixing experiment, the eye movement technique is used to track the eye movement data, and the psychological rotation of the college students in different cognitive modes is analyzed. The purpose is to provide the people with different cognitive ways to take the examination and make them grow up and the future in some aspects. Achievements can predict better, choose more suitable areas for their own development, and provide references for educators to teach students in accordance with their aptitude.
The first part of this study expounds the related theories, including the basic theory and measurement methods of field cognition, the physiological basis and application of field cognition, the basic theory of psychological rotation, the neurophysiological mechanism of psychological rotation, the individual difference of psychological rotation, the factors that affect the psychological rotation and the psychological rotation and eye movement. From the whole, we comb the hot issues in the field of cognitive style and psychological rotation.
The second part is an empirical study, which is composed of two parts. By using the method of eye movement measurement, the differences and physiological mechanisms of different cognitive objects in different stimulation modes in the psychological rotation experiment are analyzed. The first part adopts the Chinese version of mosaic graph test, which is compiled by Zhang hou can, and in 114 normal colleges and universities. Among the college students, 27 right hand subjects were selected (10 people of field dependence group, 8 subjects and 9 field independence subjects); the second part was the experimental part, which consisted of two experiments. The two common cognitive materials were selected and the eye movement measurement technique was used to study the students' heart. The effect of rotation. The two experiments are used in the hybrid experimental design of the 3 (field cognitive mode) *2 (positive image / mirror) *6 (rotation angle), in which the field cognition mode and the image / mirror, the rotation angle between the three factors are the design between the subjects, the positive image / mirror and the rotation angle are the interior design (two factors of repeated measurement).
According to the results of the experiment, the following conclusions are drawn.
1, in the cognitive process of psychological rotation, the response of Chinese characters and letters is inverted U curve. With the increase of rotation angle, the reaction time is the longest when rotating to 180 degrees, and the trend on both sides of the curve is 180 degree to the middle line symmetry.
2, in the cognitive processing of psychological rotation, the correct rate is U curve. The correct rate decreases with the increase of rotation angle. When rotation to 180 degrees, the correct rate is the lowest, and the trend on both sides of the curve is 180 degree to the middle line symmetry.
3, Chinese characters and letters are on the eye movement index of mental rotation. The Chinese characters are larger than letters on the total fixation times, the times of saccades, and the eye movements of the pupil. Then 180 degrees are the boundary points, and the trend of the changes on both sides of the curve is symmetrical.
4, field independence was shorter than field dependent subjects, and the accuracy was high; the field intermediate subjects were between the two. The correct rate curve trend was similar when the three subjects responded.
5, field independence subjects and field dependence were in the eye movement index, the number of total gaze, the number of saccades was less, and the intersubjectivity of the field was between the two. The total gaze times, the number of saccades and the pupil diameter of the three subjects were similar.
6, psychological rotation is a process of analogy. It is similar to the physical rotation of the object. It also needs to experience some intermediate stages. And the rotation process should adopt a certain strategy, and the turning point of the strategy occurs at 180 degrees, showing obvious wisdom color.

【學位授予單位】：廣西師范學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：B842.1;G645.5

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