【摘要】：本文以內(nèi)生經(jīng)濟增長理論為框架，基于外部性的視角，探索中國的教育與經(jīng)濟增長問題，更為準確地說，是研究教育影響經(jīng)濟增長的微觀機制和作用機理，并探討政府的教育政策問題。 論文的主體部分最終想回答這么幾個問題：（1）在存在人力資本外部性的條件下，經(jīng)濟能否實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)增長？教育作用于經(jīng)濟增長的微觀機制是什么？政府的教育政策在其中扮演了怎樣的角色？（2）當存在知識外部性時，經(jīng)濟實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)增長的條件是什么？教育影響經(jīng)濟增長的作用機理是什么？政府應(yīng)該如何行為？（3）中國的教育和經(jīng)濟增長的關(guān)系如何？在不同的地區(qū)是否有顯著的差異？人力資本和知識的外部性在其中起了什么樣的作用？中國的公共教育支出和教育補貼應(yīng)該如何權(quán)衡？ 對于第一個問題，我們的研究表明：首先，人力資本外部性的大小、知識溢出水平的高低會對經(jīng)濟平衡增長路徑的穩(wěn)態(tài)增長率產(chǎn)生影響；其次，教育主要通過積累具有外部性的人力資本，影響微觀層面上代表性家庭的資源配置行為--時間稟賦的分配--進而作用于一個國家宏觀經(jīng)濟增長率；第三，由于人力資本外部性和知識溢出的存在，分散經(jīng)濟均衡并不能達到社會的最優(yōu)狀態(tài)，，政府通過執(zhí)行一次性產(chǎn)出稅、教育稅收或者補貼可以誘導(dǎo)分權(quán)經(jīng)濟達到可持續(xù)的社會最優(yōu)狀態(tài)。 對于第二個問題，我們的研究表明：首先，在知識外部性存在時，經(jīng)濟中技術(shù)創(chuàng)新率和教育部門生產(chǎn)效率高于家庭的主觀時間偏好率和邊際效用彈性參數(shù)是實現(xiàn)一國經(jīng)濟可持續(xù)增長的關(guān)鍵；第二，教育的發(fā)展會增加經(jīng)濟中的人力資本存量，這將提高研究開發(fā)部門的產(chǎn)出和最終產(chǎn)品部門的產(chǎn)出，從而促進經(jīng)濟增長；第三，教育、知識和人力資本是影響經(jīng)濟增長的重要因素，政府應(yīng)該建立、健全和完善尊重知識產(chǎn)權(quán)、激勵創(chuàng)新的政策環(huán)境，以確保經(jīng)濟達到可持續(xù)的穩(wěn)定增長狀態(tài)。 對于第三個問題，我們的研究表明：首先，我國的教育和經(jīng)濟增長之間存在一種長期穩(wěn)定的均衡關(guān)系；其次，教育和經(jīng)濟增長的關(guān)系在不同地區(qū)表現(xiàn)各異，由于人才的流動以及企業(yè)的區(qū)域集聚等因素的影響，教育對西部和中部地區(qū)某些省份的經(jīng)濟增長起到一定的抑制作用，而東部地區(qū)大多數(shù)省份的教育促進經(jīng)濟增長；第三，中國公共教育支出和教育補貼的規(guī)模應(yīng)該繼續(xù)擴大，同時，應(yīng)該在基礎(chǔ)教育、中等教育和高等教育之間合理分配政府的教育支出和教育補貼。
[Abstract]:Based on the theory of endogenous economic growth, this paper explores the problems of education and economic growth in China from the perspective of externality. More accurately, it is to study the micro mechanism and mechanism of education affecting economic growth. And discuss the education policy of the government. The main part of the paper finally wants to answer these questions: (1) under the condition of the externality of human capital, can the economy achieve sustainable growth? What is the microcosmic mechanism by which education plays a role in economic growth? What role has the government's education policy played? (2) what are the conditions for sustainable economic growth when there is an externality of knowledge? What is the mechanism by which education affects economic growth? How should the government behave? (3) what is the relationship between education and economic growth in China? Are there significant differences in different regions? What role does the externality of human capital and knowledge play in it? How to balance public education spending and education subsidies in China? For the first question, our research shows that: first, the size of human capital externality and the level of knowledge spillover will have an impact on the steady growth rate of the balanced economic growth path; Secondly, education mainly influences the behavior of resource allocation of representative families at the micro level-the allocation of time endowment-and then acts on the macroeconomic growth rate of a country through accumulation of external human capital. Third, due to the externality of human capital and the existence of knowledge spillover, the decentralized economic balance can not reach the optimal state of society, and the government implements a one-off output tax. Education taxes or subsidies can induce decentralized economies to achieve sustainable social optimizations. For the second question, our research shows: first, when knowledge externalities exist, The rate of technological innovation and the productive efficiency of the education sector in the economy are higher than the subjective time preference rate and the marginal utility elasticity parameter of the household are the key to realize the sustainable growth of a country's economy; Second, the development of education will increase the stock of human capital in the economy, which will increase the output of the R & D sector and the output of the final product sector, thereby promoting economic growth; Third, education, knowledge and human capital are the important factors affecting economic growth. The government should establish, perfect and perfect the policy environment of respecting intellectual property rights and encouraging innovation to ensure sustainable and stable economic growth. For the third question, our research shows that: first, there is a long-term and stable equilibrium relationship between education and economic growth in China; Secondly, the relationship between education and economic growth varies in different regions. Due to the influence of the flow of talents and the regional agglomeration of enterprises, education plays a certain role in restraining the economic growth of some provinces in the western and central regions. Education promotes economic growth in most provinces in the eastern part of the country; Third, the scale of public education expenditure and education subsidy in China should continue to expand, at the same time, the government's education expenditure and subsidy should be rationally distributed between basic education, secondary education and higher education.
【學位授予單位】：福州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：F124.1;F224;G40-054

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