南京國(guó)民政府時(shí)期學(xué)校教育政策研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-24 17:55
【摘要】： 南京國(guó)民政府時(shí)期是中華民國(guó)的一個(gè)重要組成部分,在中國(guó)歷史長(zhǎng)河中具有舉足輕重的歷史地位。按照黨治政府的原則,中國(guó)國(guó)民黨確立了在國(guó)家管理中的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位。面對(duì)強(qiáng)勢(shì)的國(guó)際壓力與挑戰(zhàn),國(guó)民政府和國(guó)民黨秉承三民主義的根本精神,對(duì)教育事業(yè)進(jìn)行了全面改造,在學(xué)校教育政策方面經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)較為系統(tǒng)的過(guò)程,引起了眾多學(xué)者的探討。在教育政策學(xué)科理論的基礎(chǔ)上,深入系統(tǒng)地探討此時(shí)期的學(xué)校教育政策具有一定的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 教育問(wèn)題的提出是教育政策制定的首要環(huán)節(jié),是教育政策問(wèn)題形成的基礎(chǔ)。五四前后,中國(guó)的教育改革思潮日漸成熟,及至南京國(guó)民政府時(shí)期,教育界對(duì)于教育現(xiàn)象的認(rèn)識(shí)更加全面深入。教育問(wèn)題提出者和途徑具有多樣性特征,教育問(wèn)題涉及了學(xué)校教育的各個(gè)層面,學(xué)校教育問(wèn)題引起了廣泛的社會(huì)關(guān)注。在不同的歷史階段,時(shí)人對(duì)教育問(wèn)題的剖析與挖掘引起了國(guó)民政府的高度重視,促使了教育政策問(wèn)題的確認(rèn) 教育行政決策作為一種教育立法活動(dòng),是教育政策合法化的過(guò)程。南京國(guó)民政府初建時(shí)期,國(guó)民政府連續(xù)召開(kāi)第一次全國(guó)教育會(huì)議和第二次全國(guó)教育會(huì)議,并進(jìn)行了憲法草案的制定。抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期,國(guó)民政府召集了第三次全國(guó)教育會(huì)議�？谷諔�(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束后,國(guó)民政府召開(kāi)國(guó)民大會(huì),制定頒布了《中華民國(guó)憲法》,對(duì)教育發(fā)展進(jìn)行了明確的規(guī)劃。國(guó)民政府召開(kāi)了三次全國(guó)教育會(huì)議,通過(guò)了合法的審查程序,使學(xué)校教育政策得以合法化。經(jīng)過(guò)兩次憲法草案的制定過(guò)程,國(guó)民政府將部分學(xué)校教育政策上升到了法律的地位。 教育政策實(shí)施是教育政策過(guò)程的重要環(huán)節(jié),包括實(shí)施準(zhǔn)備、實(shí)施步驟、實(shí)施手段等要素。教育部是中央教育行政組織,負(fù)責(zé)制定總的實(shí)施方案。教育部積極頒布教育行政法規(guī),訓(xùn)令各地遵章執(zhí)行,擬具推廣辦法,制定施行細(xì)則。根據(jù)不同時(shí)段教育發(fā)展的臨時(shí)性需要,教育部要求各地成立了臨時(shí)性的執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu),及時(shí)補(bǔ)充了專(zhuān)門(mén)實(shí)施機(jī)構(gòu)的執(zhí)行力量。各地積極貫徹執(zhí)行教育部的實(shí)施方案,確保了各級(jí)各類(lèi)學(xué)校教育人才培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)的達(dá)成。 南京國(guó)民政府重視學(xué)校教育政策的作用,積極推進(jìn)民主立法,較為系統(tǒng)的學(xué)校教育政策體系涵蓋了學(xué)校教育的各種類(lèi)型和層次。國(guó)民政府合理組合政策執(zhí)行資源,學(xué)校教育政策實(shí)施對(duì)學(xué)校教育活動(dòng)進(jìn)行了微觀管理,推動(dòng)了近代學(xué)校教育改革。學(xué)校教育政策對(duì)教育學(xué)科產(chǎn)生了巨大的促進(jìn)作用,教育學(xué)科的分化也使教育政策過(guò)程建立在多學(xué)科的基礎(chǔ)上。 南京國(guó)民政府時(shí)期的決策者大多為研究者,研究者的理想主義決定了政策目標(biāo)的理想成分,導(dǎo)致實(shí)施結(jié)果與原初的政策目標(biāo)存在著很大的差距。由于學(xué)校教育政策體現(xiàn)了強(qiáng)烈的政治動(dòng)機(jī)與意愿,規(guī)范的立法程序卻未能確保真正的教育民主,學(xué)校教育政策產(chǎn)生了負(fù)向功能。權(quán)力的過(guò)分集中導(dǎo)致了一黨專(zhuān)政與個(gè)人獨(dú)裁,加上國(guó)民黨內(nèi)部的派系分歧,國(guó)民政府逐漸喪失了應(yīng)有的政府能力,未能解決社會(huì)各方的矛盾和沖突。不正當(dāng)?shù)膲褐剖侄尾粌H激化了內(nèi)部矛盾,而且擴(kuò)大了自身的反對(duì)力量。隨著國(guó)體的變更,學(xué)校教育政策被迫進(jìn)行了政策終結(jié)。 創(chuàng)建安定團(tuán)結(jié)的教育政策環(huán)境,構(gòu)建和諧的教育政策體系,學(xué)校教育政策才能為學(xué)校教育提供制度保障。加強(qiáng)研究者與決策者之間的溝通,縮小兩種文化的差距,達(dá)到不同類(lèi)型文化在教育政策問(wèn)題認(rèn)定中的融合。當(dāng)代國(guó)家和政府要大力發(fā)展社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì),繼續(xù)大力改善教育民生,合理調(diào)控教育資源。立足國(guó)家層面,深入探討南京國(guó)民政府時(shí)期的學(xué)校教育政策具有一定的借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:The period of the national government of Nanjing was an important part of the Republic of China, which played an important role in the history of Chinese history. In accordance with the principles of the government of the party, the Chinese Kuomintang has established a leading position in the State Administration. Facing the strong international pressure and challenge, the national government and the Kuomintang are adhering to the root of the three people's principles. The spirit has made a comprehensive reform of the educational cause, and has experienced a more systematic process in the school education policy, which has aroused the discussion of many scholars. On the basis of the theory of educational policy, it is of practical significance to deeply and systematically discuss the school education policy in this period.
The issue of education is the first link in the formulation of education policy and the basis for the formation of educational policy. 54, the trend of education reform in China was mature, and the educational circles were more fully aware of the education phenomenon in the period of the national government of Nanjing. It involves all aspects of school education. The problem of school education has aroused widespread social concern. In different historical stages, the analysis and excavation of education problems caused the high attention of the national government and the confirmation of the problem of education policy.
As a kind of educational legislative activity, educational administrative decision-making was the process of legalizing education policy. During the initial construction of the national government of Nanjing, the national government held the first national education conference and the second national education conference, and made the draft constitution. During the war of resistance against Japan, the national government convened third national education conferences. After the war of resistance against Japan, the national government convened the national assembly, enacted and promulgated the constitution of the Republic of China, and made clear plans for the development of education. The national government held three national education conferences and passed the legal review procedure to legitimize the school education policy. The national government will make the two draft constitution. Part of the school education policy has risen to the status of law.
The implementation of educational policy is an important link in the process of education policy, including the implementation of preparation, the implementation steps, the implementation of the means and other elements. The Ministry of education is the central educational administrative organization, which is responsible for the formulation of the general implementation plan. The Ministry of education has actively promulgated the administrative regulations of education, instructed all parts of the Department to follow the rules and drafted the implementation rules and regulations. The temporary needs of the development of education are required. The Ministry of education requires the establishment of temporary executive agencies in all parts of the country, and the implementation force of the specialized institutions has been supplemented in time. The implementation of the Ministry of education has been carried out actively in all places to ensure the achievement of the training targets for all kinds of schools.
The national government of Nanjing attaches great importance to the role of the school education policy and actively promotes the democratic legislation. The systematic school education policy system covers all types and levels of school education. The national government's rational combination policy implements the resources, the implementation of the school education policy has carried on the micro management of the school education activity and promoted the modern school education. The reform of school education policy has greatly promoted the discipline of education, and the division of educational disciplines has also made educational policy process based on a multidisciplinary basis.
Most of the decision-makers in the Nanjing national government period are the researchers. The idealism of the researchers determines the ideal component of the policy goals, which leads to a large gap between the implementation results and the original policy goals. The school education policy embodies strong political motivation and will, but the normative legislative procedure does not guarantee real education. Democracy, the school education policy has a negative function. The excessive concentration of power leads to the one party dictatorship and individual dictatorship, plus the disagreement within the Kuomintang, the national government has gradually lost its due government capacity and failed to solve the contradictions and conflicts of all parties. The improper means of suppression not only aggravate the internal contradictions, but also enlarge the internal contradictions and expand the internal contradictions and the expansion of the internal contradictions and the expansion of the internal contradictions and the expansion of the internal contradictions and the expansion of the internal contradictions and expansion of the internal contradictions and the expansion of the internal contradictions and expansion of the internal contradictions. With the change of the state system, the school education policy was forced to end the policy.
In order to create a stable and uniting educational policy environment and build a harmonious educational policy system, the school education policy can provide institutional guarantee for school education, strengthen the communication between the researchers and decision-makers, narrow the gap between the two cultures, and achieve the integration of different types of culture in the identification of educational policy questions. To develop social economy, continue to improve education and people's livelihood and rationally regulate educational resources. Based on the national level, it is of certain significance to explore the school education policy in the period of Nanjing national government.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：G529
本文編號(hào)：2142186
[Abstract]:The period of the national government of Nanjing was an important part of the Republic of China, which played an important role in the history of Chinese history. In accordance with the principles of the government of the party, the Chinese Kuomintang has established a leading position in the State Administration. Facing the strong international pressure and challenge, the national government and the Kuomintang are adhering to the root of the three people's principles. The spirit has made a comprehensive reform of the educational cause, and has experienced a more systematic process in the school education policy, which has aroused the discussion of many scholars. On the basis of the theory of educational policy, it is of practical significance to deeply and systematically discuss the school education policy in this period.
The issue of education is the first link in the formulation of education policy and the basis for the formation of educational policy. 54, the trend of education reform in China was mature, and the educational circles were more fully aware of the education phenomenon in the period of the national government of Nanjing. It involves all aspects of school education. The problem of school education has aroused widespread social concern. In different historical stages, the analysis and excavation of education problems caused the high attention of the national government and the confirmation of the problem of education policy.
As a kind of educational legislative activity, educational administrative decision-making was the process of legalizing education policy. During the initial construction of the national government of Nanjing, the national government held the first national education conference and the second national education conference, and made the draft constitution. During the war of resistance against Japan, the national government convened third national education conferences. After the war of resistance against Japan, the national government convened the national assembly, enacted and promulgated the constitution of the Republic of China, and made clear plans for the development of education. The national government held three national education conferences and passed the legal review procedure to legitimize the school education policy. The national government will make the two draft constitution. Part of the school education policy has risen to the status of law.
The implementation of educational policy is an important link in the process of education policy, including the implementation of preparation, the implementation steps, the implementation of the means and other elements. The Ministry of education is the central educational administrative organization, which is responsible for the formulation of the general implementation plan. The Ministry of education has actively promulgated the administrative regulations of education, instructed all parts of the Department to follow the rules and drafted the implementation rules and regulations. The temporary needs of the development of education are required. The Ministry of education requires the establishment of temporary executive agencies in all parts of the country, and the implementation force of the specialized institutions has been supplemented in time. The implementation of the Ministry of education has been carried out actively in all places to ensure the achievement of the training targets for all kinds of schools.
The national government of Nanjing attaches great importance to the role of the school education policy and actively promotes the democratic legislation. The systematic school education policy system covers all types and levels of school education. The national government's rational combination policy implements the resources, the implementation of the school education policy has carried on the micro management of the school education activity and promoted the modern school education. The reform of school education policy has greatly promoted the discipline of education, and the division of educational disciplines has also made educational policy process based on a multidisciplinary basis.
Most of the decision-makers in the Nanjing national government period are the researchers. The idealism of the researchers determines the ideal component of the policy goals, which leads to a large gap between the implementation results and the original policy goals. The school education policy embodies strong political motivation and will, but the normative legislative procedure does not guarantee real education. Democracy, the school education policy has a negative function. The excessive concentration of power leads to the one party dictatorship and individual dictatorship, plus the disagreement within the Kuomintang, the national government has gradually lost its due government capacity and failed to solve the contradictions and conflicts of all parties. The improper means of suppression not only aggravate the internal contradictions, but also enlarge the internal contradictions and expand the internal contradictions and the expansion of the internal contradictions and the expansion of the internal contradictions and the expansion of the internal contradictions and the expansion of the internal contradictions and expansion of the internal contradictions and the expansion of the internal contradictions and expansion of the internal contradictions. With the change of the state system, the school education policy was forced to end the policy.
In order to create a stable and uniting educational policy environment and build a harmonious educational policy system, the school education policy can provide institutional guarantee for school education, strengthen the communication between the researchers and decision-makers, narrow the gap between the two cultures, and achieve the integration of different types of culture in the identification of educational policy questions. To develop social economy, continue to improve education and people's livelihood and rationally regulate educational resources. Based on the national level, it is of certain significance to explore the school education policy in the period of Nanjing national government.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：G529
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 王麗娜;民國(guó)時(shí)期國(guó)學(xué)經(jīng)典的教育觀念變遷研究[D];四川師范大學(xué);2012年
，本文編號(hào)：2142186
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