本文關(guān)鍵詞：青少年休閑性身體活動動機研究　出處：《東北師范大學(xué)》2008年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 青少年 休閑性身體活動 動機類型 動機強度

【摘要】： 規(guī)律地參與休閑性身體活動會給青少年帶來許多生理上的和心理上的健康益處。然而大量的研究表明,青少年參與休閑性身體活動的行為程度正在逐年下降,網(wǎng)絡(luò)成癮、迷戀電視等久坐行為程度卻急劇增多,嚴重地威脅著青少年的身心健康。本研究從發(fā)展心理學(xué)的視角,在對相關(guān)動機理論系統(tǒng)地梳理后,調(diào)查研究了我國青少年休閑性身體活動動機的整體狀況,并深入分析當前我國青少年休閑性身體活動動機的特點,發(fā)展性規(guī)律及相關(guān)的影響因素等問題。整個調(diào)查研究共四大部分: 研究一,結(jié)合青少年實際情況,對國外身體活動動機類型測量的部分內(nèi)容進行了本土化的修訂,新增動機強度部分以彌補當前青少年休閑性身體活動動機測量工具之不足。 研究二,為了全面、準確地了解青少年休閑性身體活動動機的整體狀況及發(fā)展趨勢,利用研究一中編制的“青少年休閑性身體活動動機測量問卷”對吉林省三所初中、兩所高中從初中一年級到高中二年級共1482名學(xué)生的休閑性身體活動動機進行測量,并且深入分析了年齡、性別和學(xué)校類型之間的差異問題。 研究三,跨理論模型把人的行為改變過程分為前思階段、思考階段、準備階段、行動階段和保持階段五個主要行為改變階段。本研究首先對青少年所處行動改變階段的分布狀況進行調(diào)查研究,了解青少年整體的、不同年級的以及不同性別的改變階段的分布狀況。在此基礎(chǔ)之上,對處于不同改變階段的青少年休閑性身體活動參與動機的特點進行進一步的分析。 研究四,在以有的青少年休閑性身體活動動機影響因素研究中,少有強調(diào)參與者的內(nèi)部因素,更多集中于外部的因素的零散研究。本研究根據(jù)Deci等人在自我決定理論中提出的三種基本需求,依據(jù)我國青少年參與休閑性身體活動以及學(xué)習(xí)生活的實際情況,把影響青少年參與休閑性身體活動動機類型和動機強度的因素主要分為個體因素、家庭因素和學(xué)校因素三個方面。系統(tǒng)地研究三方面的因素對青少年參與休閑性身體活動動機的影響。 本研究取得一些研究結(jié)論: 1.采用驗證性因素分析的方法對“青少年休閑性身體活動動機測量問卷”中動機類型和動機強度分量表的結(jié)構(gòu)效度進行驗證,結(jié)果說明兩個分量表具有較好的結(jié)構(gòu)效度。另外,研究還考察了兩個分量表中各維度的內(nèi)部一致性信度,均達到了可接受的水平,說明該問卷是有效可信的測量工具。 2.在青少年身體活動動機的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),以年級為自變量,動機類型為因變量的因素分析中,幾乎所有的動機類型呈“M”型。隨年級的增長青少年休閑性身體活動參與動機強度呈明顯的下降趨勢,克服困難的程度下降的趨勢尤為突出,初三至高一的主動程度雖然有小幅回升但幅度不很明顯,主動程度的整體下降趨勢相對明顯。 3.初中生無論在每個動機類型上或是每個動機強度上的得分均高于高中生,即初中生參與休閑性的身體活動動機的整體狀況優(yōu)于高中生;不論是初中生還是高中生男生參與休閑性的身體活動動機的整體狀況優(yōu)于女生;無論是動機類型或是動機強度的得分上,重點學(xué)校均高于非重點學(xué)校,但差異非顯著性。 4.處于不同改變階段的人數(shù)呈現(xiàn)出兩頭低、中間高的倒“U”型曲線。從整體分布狀況上看,處于前思和保持階段上的青少年人數(shù)相對較少,更多的人處在改變階段中的思考、準備和行動階段。男生更多分布在行動階段和保持階段,而女生則更多地分布在前思階段、思考階段和準備階段。年級越低,處于高級改變階段的人越多。 5.不論是參與動機的類型還是參與動機的強度,均隨改變階段的升高而增長,而且處于不同改變階段內(nèi)青少年的動機整體狀況的差異是顯著的。 6.個體因素、父母因素和學(xué)校因素均會對青少年參與休閑性身體活動動機產(chǎn)生影響,其中來自父母的自主性支持感知、運動能力的自我感知和父母的期望最為明顯。另外,學(xué)習(xí)壓力在很大程度上限制青少年參與休閑性身體活動動機的整體水平。
[Abstract]:Regular participation in leisure time physical activity will bring the adolescents health benefits many physiological and psychological. However a large number of studies show that the behaviour of young people to participate in leisure time physical activity is decreased year by year, Internet addiction, obsessed with sedentary behavior such as TV has increased sharply, a serious threat to the physical and mental health of young people. Study from the perspective of developmental psychology in the relevant motivation theory systematically, overall investigation of adolescents leisure time physical activity motivation of Chinese characteristics, and in-depth analysis of the current our country youth motivation in leisure time physical activity, the problem of law of development and the related influencing factors. The investigation is four most:
In the first part, according to the actual situation of adolescents, we revised the contents of physical activity types abroad, and added some new motivational intensity to make up for the lack of measuring tools for teenagers' leisure physical activity motivation.
In order to study two, comprehensive, accurate understanding of the overall situation and development trend of adolescents leisure time physical activity motivation, the study in preparation of the "youth motivation in leisure time physical activity questionnaire" in Jilin Province, three junior middle schools, two high schools from the first grade to junior high in the second grade 1482 students in leisure physical activity motivation measure, and in-depth analysis of the difference between the age, gender and school type.
In study three, the transtheoretical model of change of human behavior is divided into pre thinking stage, on stage, preparation stage, five main phase of the operation and maintenance phase change stage. Firstly, the action of juvenile change distribution of the phase of the investigation, the solution of the overall distribution of teenagers, different grades and the gender change stage. On this basis, further analysis in different stages of the adolescents leisure time physical activity participation motivation characteristics.
Study on the four factors in the study with some adolescents leisure time physical activity motivation, less emphasis on internal factors of the participants, scattered research focus more on external factors. The study by Deci et al in self determined three basic theory put forward by the demand, on the basis of our young people to participate in leisure time physical activities and learning life the actual situation, the influence factors of adolescents leisure time physical activity motivation and motivation intensity is mainly divided into three aspects: individual factors, family factors and school factors. The three factors influence on Teenagers' participation in leisure time physical activity motivation system.
Some research conclusions are obtained in this study.
1. using confirmatory factor analysis to verify the structure validity of adolescent motivation in leisure time physical activity questionnaire "motivation types and motivation intensity scale, the result shows that the two subscales have good structural validity. In addition, the study also examines two dimensions of sub scale of internal consistency reliability, have reached an acceptable level, indicating that the questionnaire is reliable and effective measurement tool.
Found that 2. of adolescents' physical activity motivation research and development status, to grade as independent variables for analysis of variable types of motivation factors, almost all types of motivation is "M". With the increase of grade adolescents leisure time physical activity participation motivation intensity showed a downward trend, overcome the difficulty degree of decline especially, a high grade active degree despite a small rebound, but the magnitude is not very obvious, the overall degree of active decline was relatively obvious.
3. junior high school students in each types of motivation or each motivation intensity scores were higher than senior high school students, high school is better than the overall situation of junior high school students to participate in leisure time physical activity motivation is better than female students; regardless of overall situation of junior high school boys to participate in leisure time physical activity motivation; both types of motivation or is the motivation intensity scores were higher than those in non key schools, focusing on schools, but the difference was non significant.
4. is the number of different stages of change has shown both low and high in the middle of the inverted "U" curve. From the distribution of the overall point of view, in a pre thought and keep the number of young people on the stage is relatively less, more and more people are thinking about a change in the stage of preparation, and action stage. There are more boys in the action stage and distribution keep the stage, while girls are more distributed in the former thinking stage, the stage of thinking and preparation stage. The lower grade, the more people in advanced stages of change.
5., no matter the type of participation motivation or the intensity of participation motivation, they all increased with the increase of the stage of change, and the overall situation of adolescents' motivation in different stages of change is significant.
6. individual factors, parental factors and school factors will influence on the young people to participate in leisure time physical activity motivation, autonomy support from parents perception, ability to exercise self perception and expectation of parents is the most obvious. In addition, the pressure of learning in the overall level largely for adolescents to participate in leisure time physical activity motivation.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：G455

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