本文關鍵詞：漢語自閉癥幼兒語言發(fā)展和交流的個案研究　出處：《華東師范大學》2008年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 自閉癥 語言 交流 成長模型 語言質(zhì)量 語用交互

【摘要】： 語言障礙是診斷自閉癥的核心癥狀之一,所有自閉癥患者在這一領域都存在明顯的滯后和障礙現(xiàn)象。有關自閉癥兒童語言特征與語言障礙本質(zhì)的研究,在過去的幾十年內(nèi)日益受到研究者們的關注,獲得了大量的研究成果。但是,有關漢語自閉癥兒童的語言發(fā)展和交流障礙問題,至目前鮮有研究涉及。而且現(xiàn)有的研究,也缺乏系統(tǒng)思想統(tǒng)籌下的立體圖景式研究:即發(fā)展中的各范疇之間的相互影響研究,生活實際場景當中的概貌、質(zhì)量、環(huán)境的交互影響研究。 本研究為平行個案跟蹤研究,通過語言成長模型研究、語言運用質(zhì)量研究、語言運用交互平臺研究三個塊面,對4位漢語自閉癥幼兒的語言發(fā)展和交流進行了研究。語言資料的收集分別來自:對4位漢語自閉癥幼兒及其配對普通幼兒長達18個月的親子互動攝像,2個小時的幼兒園攝像、半個小時的陌生人言語互動攝像,以及對他們家庭主要成員的訪談、座談錄音;對其中1位漢語自閉癥幼兒在融合幼兒園非正式課程時間言語互動進行的40天的跟蹤觀察筆錄。本研究兼具預測性和描述性的研究目的,采用了量化和質(zhì)化多種研究方法相結(jié)合的研究方法。 三個塊面的研究結(jié)果分別是: 漢語自閉癥幼兒語言成長模型的研究結(jié)果揭示,在親子言語互動中,與配對普通幼兒相比,自閉癥幼兒顯示出不同的語言成長模型。圖景顯示出各語言范疇的不平衡、發(fā)展顯示出各語言范疇的不同步、漢語自閉癥幼兒的語言發(fā)展與交流的個體差異大。具體表現(xiàn)為:語法為相對弱勢,四位個案均表現(xiàn)出這樣的狀況;交流行為為相對優(yōu)勢,四位個案均表現(xiàn)出這樣的狀況;語義水平變化大,顯示語義有可能是受到發(fā)展或環(huán)境影響較大的范疇;功能性言語比例既不與語法、語義發(fā)展相一致,也不與言語行為發(fā)展相一致,顯示出漢語自閉癥幼兒語言形式,運用與功能之間的脫節(jié);個體差異較大,更表現(xiàn)出范疇之間不平衡性的復雜性。 第二塊面漢語自閉癥幼兒語言運用質(zhì)量的研究是對成長模型研究的進一步深入探討,即在語言的會話場景語料當中,具體地深入了解漢語自閉癥幼兒語言的實效狀況,并對成長模型的形成原因做出解釋。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),漢語自閉癥幼兒交流行為種類在成長模型研究當中表現(xiàn)出的相對優(yōu)勢,在深入的具體類型使用研究中卻呈現(xiàn)出受限,異常運用的問題,可能與漢語自閉癥幼兒語言運用的質(zhì)量低下有關。而會話類型的研究,更深入地揭示了漢語自閉癥幼兒語言形式,運用與功能之間的不平衡。深入的原因探究主要是通過對每位個案具體的語言運用現(xiàn)象的分析完成的。研究發(fā)現(xiàn):語言形式的習得,語言操作以及語言的信息及交際運用,是共同決定漢語自閉癥幼兒語言概貌特征的原因。它們之間呈相互影響相互制約的關系。同時,它們之間的影響不是均一的,存在主要影響與次要影響之分。語言的操作指向是否是分享指向型以及語言形式的習得類型是否是應用型習得類型,是影響漢語自閉癥幼兒整體語言運用質(zhì)量的兩個主要因素;而其中操作指向又直接影響習得類型,它是影響漢語自閉癥幼兒語言運用質(zhì)量的核心因素。 第三塊面漢語自閉癥幼兒的語言運用交互研究部分,以逐步推進的研究向我們展示了,漢語自閉癥幼兒可以有非常好的同伴關系,而且可以在一個集體當中成為同伴關系的核心。在自閉癥幼兒個案與其親密同伴的語用交互平臺上,產(chǎn)生了真實的、明顯的語言影響。進一步的深入研究表明,關系場景是漢語自閉癥幼兒語言發(fā)展和交流的重要方面,關系場景的相應特性會對漢語自閉癥幼兒的語言發(fā)展與交流產(chǎn)生相應的影響。具體表現(xiàn)為:漢語自閉癥幼兒在交互當中所受到的語言影響,與其交互指向有直接的關系,而交互指向則與關系平臺以及語言鷹架有關。但是,交互對象能夠提供較好的語言鷹架固然重要,但其發(fā)揮作用的前提是關系平臺的形成,即關系平臺在漢語自閉癥幼兒的語言交互當中扮演了基礎的支撐性角色,而關系平臺自身能否形成的關鍵在于:交互對象能否滿足其交互需求特征,比如,“興趣相似”“能力互補”“性格互補”等等。 三大塊面的研究內(nèi)容相輔相承,研究結(jié)論能夠相互支持驗證。一方面,本研究指出了漢語自閉癥幼兒語言發(fā)展與交流的一些特定性障礙,另一方面,本研究揭示了漢語自閉癥幼兒語言發(fā)展與交流的可塑性。
[Abstract]:The language barrier is one of the core symptoms of autism diagnosis, all patients with autism in this field have obvious lag and disorder phenomenon. Research on essence of children with language features and language impairments in autism, in the past few decades has been the focus of researchers, and got a lot of research results. However, the development of language and communication disorders in Chinese children with autism, and there are few studies involved. But the existing research, but also the lack of three-dimensional picture research under the guidance of systematic ideology: between each category in the development of the mutual influence of landscape, real life scene quality, interactive effect of environment.
This study followed the parallel case, the language model of growth, the quality of language use, interactive platform to study three aspects of language use, 4 Chinese autistic children's language development and communication are studied. The language data collected from 4 Chinese young children with autism and matched for ordinary children the parent-child interaction 18 months of video, 2 hours of kindergarten video, stranger speech interaction for half an hour on the main camera, as well as their family members interview, discussion recording; of which 1 Chinese young children with autism in the 40 day record tracking observation of combination of kindergarten curriculum time for informal verbal interaction. This study has both objective to study predictive and descriptive research method, using quantitative and qualitative methods combined.
The results of the three block surfaces are as follows:
The study of Chinese autistic children's language development model results reveal that in the parent-child interaction, compared with the controls children, children with autism show a different language. Picture shows the growth model to balance the language category, development shows synchronous language category, individual differences in language development and communication of Chinese autism the children of the specific performance: grammar is relatively weak, four cases showed such a situation; exchange behavior for relative advantage, four case showed this situation; semantic level changes, semantic display may have been under development or environmental impact category; functional language is the proportion of with the consistent development of grammar, semantics, development is not consistent with the speech act, showing Chinese autistic children's language form, the gap between use and function; individual differences, more performance The complexity of the imbalances between categories.
Second blocks in Chinese autistic children's language quality research is to explore the further growth of the study model, namely in the conversation scene corpus of language, specifically understand the effectiveness of Chinese autistic children's language, and the causes for the formation of growth model of interpretation. The study found that Chinese autism showed relative advantage the exchange behavior of preschool children in species in the growth model of the study on specific types of intensive use of research has showed limited use, abnormal, and Chinese autistic children's language development. The conversation type study, deeply reveals Chinese autistic children's language forms, imbalance between use and function. Deep reason is mainly completed through the analysis of each case specific language phenomenon. The study found that: the form of language learning Well, the language operation and language information and communication application, is a common reason in Chinese autistic children's language features. They are the mutual influence relationship. At the same time, the impact of them is not uniform, and mainly affect the secondary effects of the points. The use of language is to share is to type and the form of language acquisition is the type of application type acquisition type, is the impact of Chinese autistic children's language use the overall quality of the two main factors; which directly affects the operation point acquisition type, it is the influence of Chinese language quality of the core factors of autism in children.
Some language interaction study of third block Chinese young children with autism, to study step by step to show us, Chinese young children with autism may have a very good relationship, but also can become the core of peer relationships in a collective. Pragmatic interaction platform of autistic children in a case with intimate partners. The real and language influence obviously. Further research shows that the relationship scene is an important aspect of Chinese autistic children's language development and communication, the corresponding characteristics of the scene corresponding impact on language development and communication of Chinese young children with autism. Specific performance: the influence of language by Chinese young children with autism in the interaction of a direct relationship with interactive direction, and interactive direction is related to relationship between platform and language scaffolding. However, interactive objects can provide better The language scaffolding is important, but its role is the premise of the formation of relationship platform, namely the relationship between the platform of children with autism in the Chinese language interaction plays a supportive role in the foundation, and the key to the formation of the relationship between the platform itself can interactive object can satisfy the needs of interaction characteristics, for example, "similar interests" "the complementary capabilities" and "complementary character" and so on.
Three parts of research contents. The research conclusion can support each other to verify. On the one hand, this study points out some specific obstacles of Chinese autistic children's language development and communication, on the other hand, this study reveals the plasticity of Chinese autistic children's language development and communication.

【學位授予單位】：華東師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：G613.2;B844.2

【引證文獻】

相關博士學位論文 前1條

1 張放放;4-6歲漢語特定型語言障礙兒童敘述語言發(fā)展研究[D];華東師范大學;2010年

相關碩士學位論文 前3條

1 張歡;學前融合教育環(huán)境下自閉癥幼兒早期干預的個案研究[D];浙江師范大學;2011年

2 龔文嘉;音樂教育對孤獨癥兒童治療作用的研究[D];南京藝術學院;2010年

3 田亞君;自閉癥兒童共同注意力干預的個案研究[D];沈陽師范大學;2012年

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本文編號：1379001