【摘要】： 離合詞是漢語中一種特殊的語言現(xiàn)象,是對外漢語教學的難點。離合詞難不在于它的“合”的形式,而在于“離”的形式,即離合詞的擴展形式。離合詞的擴展形式是復雜多樣的,我們要加強對擴展形式的研究,以期改善離合詞的教學效果不佳的現(xiàn)狀。 目前在漢語界,關(guān)于離合詞的定性問題還沒有得到解決;離合詞的鑒定標準也有很大的差異,因此,本文將繞過離合詞定性的理論分歧,采用趙淑華、張寶林兩位先生對離合詞的鑒定標準,吸收他們的研究成果,對從《漢語水平詞匯與漢字等級大綱》中確定的245個離合詞進行逐一全面地考察,以了解它們的擴展形式。全面考察所有的離合詞,列出常用的擴展形式。根據(jù)常用性和難度(根據(jù)學生的掌握情況來確定)對各種擴展形式排序,并參考《漢語水平標準與語法等級大綱》,將它們合理排入語法體系中,以指導離合詞的教學。 本文的研究方法主要有:定量分析:針對《漢語水平詞匯與漢字等級大綱》確定離合詞的數(shù)量;語料庫:通過北大語料庫,考察每一個離合詞的各種擴展形式;調(diào)查問卷:設(shè)計包含離合詞擴展形式的問卷,調(diào)查不同年級留學生的掌握情況。 本文的內(nèi)容主要有:第一部分緒論,涉及課題意義、課題創(chuàng)新性、研究目標、內(nèi)容、方法;第二部分為文獻回顧,主要回顧了前人對離合詞的定性研究、鑒定標準研究、擴展形式研究、語用研究及教學研究;第三部分離合詞的確定,主要是確定本文要研究的離合詞范圍,并對鑒定出的離合詞從等級、內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)等角度進行分類;第四部分為離合詞擴展形式研究,對擴展進行了界定,探討了離合詞可以擴展的原因、離合詞的發(fā)展、擴展形式的發(fā)展過程等問題,通過在北大語料庫中對鑒定出來的離合詞進行逐一全面地考察,我們總結(jié)出離合詞的擴展形式。進而根據(jù)擴展形式的常用性,我們對離合詞的擴展形式進行了由高到低的排序,確定了18種常用擴展形式;第五部分是針對初中高級留學生的調(diào)查問卷分析,對“化石化”現(xiàn)象及倒退現(xiàn)象的離合詞擴展形式進行了分析,并依據(jù)學生的正確率嘗試對離合詞擴展形式在初級、中級和高級教學中的分布情況進行了處理;第六部分為離合詞擴展形式的語用問題,我們認為,離合詞的擴展形式主要起三種作用:突出焦點、增加語氣、結(jié)構(gòu)對稱;第七部分為離合詞教學,我們提出了教學原則,在教學內(nèi)容中對離合詞、離合詞擴展形式、擴展形式相關(guān)的語法點都進行了分級處理,主張在初級、中級和高級不同的教學階段,循序漸進有側(cè)重地學習各級的教學內(nèi)容。對教材編寫及練習設(shè)計也提出了建議。最后我們簡單探討了一些值得注意的問題,包括離合詞帶賓語問題、帶補語問題和離合詞重疊問題等。 本文重點研究離合詞的擴展形式及教學的相關(guān)問題,希望能對今后的教學有所幫助。
[Abstract]:Disjunctive words are a special language phenomenon in Chinese and a difficult point in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. It is difficult not in the form of "harmony", but in the form of "separation", that is, the expanded form of the word. The expansion forms of the words are complex and diverse, so we should strengthen the research on the expansion forms in order to improve the present situation of the poor teaching effect of the words. At present, in Chinese, the qualitative problem of clutch words has not been solved. There are also great differences in the criteria of identification of clutch words. Therefore, this paper will bypass the theoretical differences in the qualitative nature of clutch words and adopt the identification criteria of Zhao Shuhua and Zhang Baolin to absorb their research results. In order to understand their extended form, 245 ionization words determined from the outline of Chinese level Vocabulary and Chinese characters were investigated one by one. A comprehensive review of all the clutch words, the list of commonly used forms of expansion. According to the degree of common use and difficulty (according to the students' mastery), this paper sorts out the various extended forms, and refers to the outline of Chinese proficiency Standards and Grammar grades, and puts them into the grammatical system reasonably, so as to guide the teaching of disjunctive words. The main research methods of this paper are as follows: quantitative analysis: according to the outline of Chinese level Vocabulary and Chinese characters to determine the number of ionization words; Questionnaire: a questionnaire with extended form of clutch words was designed to investigate the mastery of foreign students in different grades. The main contents of this paper are as follows: the first part is the introduction, which involves the significance of the subject, the innovation of the subject, the research goal, the content and the method; The second part is literature review, which mainly reviews the qualitative studies, the identification criteria, the extended form studies, the pragmatic studies and the teaching studies of the clutch words. The third part is to determine the scope of the clutch words to be studied in this paper, and to classify the identified words from the perspective of grade, internal structure and so on. In the fourth part, the author defines the extension, discusses the reasons why the word can be expanded, the development of the word, the process of the expansion, and so on. Through a comprehensive investigation of the identified words in the Peking University corpus, we summarize the extended form of the ionization words. Then, according to the commonness of extended form, we sort the extended form of clutch word from high to low, and determine 18 kinds of commonly used extension form. The fifth part is the questionnaire analysis of senior junior middle school students, the phenomenon of "chemical fossilization" and retrogression phenomenon of the expansion of the form of words, and according to the correct rate of students try to expand the form of words in the primary. Distribution in secondary and advanced education is dealt with; The sixth part is the pragmatic problem of the extended form of the clutch word. We think that the extended form of the clutch word plays three main roles: highlight the focus, increase the mood, and structure symmetry; In the seventh part, we put forward the teaching principles. In the teaching content, we classify the words, the expanded form of the words and the grammatical points related to the expansion of the words, and advocate that they should be treated at the primary level. Intermediate and advanced stages of teaching, step by step and focus on the study of teaching content at all levels. Suggestions are also given for the compilation of textbooks and the design of exercises. In the end, we briefly discuss some problems that deserve attention, including the problem of the object with the clutch word, the problem of the complement and the overlapping problem of the clutch word. This paper focuses on the extended form of ionization words and the related problems in teaching, hoping to be helpful to the teaching in the future.
【學位授予單位】：北京語言大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：H195

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 李麗麗;陳碧銀;;留學生漢語離合詞習得偏誤調(diào)查研究——越南留學生的視角[J];重慶工商大學學報(社會科學版);2012年05期

相關(guān)碩士學位論文 前2條

1 蘭海洋;中高級階段泰國學生漢語離合詞習得研究[D];廣西民族大學;2011年

2 王小寧;對外漢語離合詞教學研究[D];復旦大學;2011年

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本文編號：2369852