本文選題：認知　切入點：突顯　出處：《寧波大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： 自20世紀80年代以來,認知語言學(xué)在語言研究領(lǐng)域的重要性和影響力逐步增大。認知語言學(xué)作為一門新興的語言學(xué)流派,源于當代跨學(xué)科的認知科學(xué),是認知科學(xué)與語言學(xué)相結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物,是迄今為止最具創(chuàng)新精神的、引人入勝的語言學(xué)流派之一。認知語言學(xué)以體驗哲學(xué)為理論基礎(chǔ),主要闡述了人們對世界的感知體驗,以及在此基礎(chǔ)上形成的語言使用必須參照心智活動的原則。由此,它為研究者提供了新的視角,在語音、句法、語義等許多領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮了重要作用。很多語言學(xué)家認為,認知視角比其他傳統(tǒng)方法在研究語言問題方面有獨特的優(yōu)勢,可以將語言現(xiàn)象和語言使用者的心理因素相結(jié)合,從而揭示語言現(xiàn)象背后的心理現(xiàn)實。 本文進行的是英漢判斷句中“是”與“be”的認知對比研究。石毓智(2005)認為“是”在判斷句中為判斷詞,連接主語和賓語。本文沿用了這一分類方式,并將其擴展到“be”的分類。我們運用認知語言學(xué)中的突顯原則作為對比理論基礎(chǔ),認為判斷句中的主語和賓語分別對應(yīng)于認知域中的射體和界標。本文的創(chuàng)新點在于提出了兩個新的概念:多項對等和單項對等。多項對等是指判斷句中由判斷詞連接的主語和賓語在語義性質(zhì)上是一致的,如果主語表事物,賓語也表事物,如果主語表動作,賓語亦然;單項對等是指判斷句中主語和賓語在語義性質(zhì)上不一致,主語表事物,而賓語可能是其性質(zhì),成份,或位置。在這些表面語言現(xiàn)象下的是認知上的差異。在多項對等判斷句中,判斷詞能夠以賓語的多個特征為參照突顯主語的多個特征;而單項對等判斷句中,判斷詞以賓語的單個特征為參照突顯主語的單個特征。本文提出一個假設(shè)即漢語更偏重于多項對等而英語更偏重于單項對等,并使用了語料庫研究證實了該假設(shè)。 本文所要解決的兩個主要問題為: 1.在已有研究的基礎(chǔ)上總結(jié)出英漢判斷句中的多項對等和單項對等句型。 2.探討多項對等和單項對等背后的認知差異,并探究其背后中西方文化與思維的差異。 本文的結(jié)構(gòu)為: 第一章:簡介。介紹了以往對于該課題的相關(guān)研究,并指出其局限性。提出了本文的研究方法,研究任務(wù)和研究意義。 第二章:認知語言學(xué)簡介。簡單回顧了認知語言學(xué)的相關(guān)理論和概念。介紹了與本文有關(guān)的突顯原則,及其中的射體,界標,突顯等概念。 第三章:漢語判斷句中的“是”。解釋了關(guān)于判斷和多項對等,單項對等的概念。查閱相關(guān)參考書中對“是”的解釋。對“是”的發(fā)展歷史做了一個簡要回顧。最后在已有研究的基礎(chǔ)上對漢語判斷句中單項對等和多項對等的句型進行了分類。 第四章:英語判斷句中的“be”。查閱相關(guān)參考書中“be”的用法與解釋。簡單回顧了“be”在英語中的歷史。在已有研究的基礎(chǔ)上對英語判斷句中單項對等和多項對等句型進行了分類。最后提出了我們的假設(shè),即漢語偏重于多項對等而英語偏重于單項對等,并用語料庫研究進行證明。 第五章:“是”和“be”的認知對比研究。探討了單項對等和多項對等背后的認知差異,并設(shè)計了一個認知模型以更好的解釋這種差異。最后從中西方文化與思維的大背景出發(fā)探討了這種認知差異的根源。 第六章:總結(jié)。對本文的研究進行了總結(jié),指出了局限性并展望了未來的進一步研究。 通過本文的研究,我們初步了解了“是”和“be”在判斷句中的認知機制上的差異。這對于英語教學(xué)、對外漢語教學(xué)及翻譯工作都有積極的意義。
[Abstract]:Since 1980s, the importance and influence of cognitive linguistics in the field of language research increases gradually. Cognitive linguistics as a new linguistic schools, due to the contemporary cognitive science disciplines, is a product of the combination of linguistics and cognitive science, is by far the most innovative, one of the fascinating schools of linguistics. Cognitive linguistics with the experience of philosophy as the theoretical basis, mainly expounds the experience of people's perception of the world, the use of mental activity must refer to the principle of formation and on the basis of the language. Thus, the researchers provide a new perspective in phonetics, syntax, semantics and so many areas play an important role. Many linguists believe that cognitive from the perspective of other than the traditional method in the study of language problem has unique advantages, can be language users' mental factors combination, So as to reveal the psychological reality behind the language phenomenon.
This paper is a cognitive contrastive study of English and Chinese sentences "is" and "be". Shi Yuzhi (2005) think "yes" in sentences for judging word, connecting the subject and object. In this paper the classification used, which is extended to the classification of be. We use the principle of prominence in cognitive linguistics as the theoretical basis of comparative sentences, that the subject and object corresponding to the cognitive domain of the trajector and landmark. The innovation of this paper is to put forward two new concepts: a number of equivalence and equivalence. A number of individual equivalence refers to word connecting the subject and object of the sentence by sentence the semantic nature is the same, if the subject form things, you can also form things, if the subject moves the object table, vice versa; individual equivalence refers to the judgment of the subject and the object in the sentence semantic properties are inconsistent, the subject and object form things, may be its nature , ingredients, or location. In the surface language phenomenon is cognitive differences. In a number of equivalent sentences, words can judge multiple features for object with multiple features refer to highlight the subject; while the individual equivalence judgment sentence, judge the word to a single feature object for reference to highlight the subject a single feature. This paper puts forward a hypothesis that more emphasis on a number of Chinese and English is more emphasis on the individual peer peer, and use a corpus study confirmed this hypothesis.
The two main problems to be solved in this article are as follows:
1. on the basis of the existing research, we have summed up multiple equivalence and single peer sentence patterns in English and Chinese judgment sentences.
2. explore the cognitive differences behind multiple equivalence and unilateral equivalence, and explore the differences between Chinese and Western cultures and thinking.
The structure of this article is as follows:
The first chapter is brief introduction. It introduces the previous research on the subject, and points out its limitations, and puts forward the research method, the research task and the significance of the research.
The second chapter: introduction. Cognitive linguistics reviews the related theories of cognitive linguistics and concepts. This paper introduces the principle of salience associated with this article, and the trajector, landmark, salience.
The third chapter: Chinese sentence in "yes." explains about the judgment and a number of individual equivalence, the concept of equivalence. Refer to the interpretation of the "yes" reference books. Make a brief review of the development of "history". The final classification of Chinese sentences, and a number of individual equivalence the sentence on the basis of the previous research.
The fourth chapter: English sentences "be" refer to the relevant reference books. The use of "be" in the simple review and interpretation. "Be" in English history. On the basis of the existing research the classification of English sentences, and a number of individual equivalence patterns. Finally put forward the equivalence of our the Chinese emphasis on a number of assumptions, and emphasis on the individual English peer peer, and corpus research is proved.
The fifth chapter: a contrastive study of "is" and "be". To explore the cognitive differences between single and multiple peer peer behind, and designs a cognitive model to explain the difference better. Finally from the background of western culture and thinking was discussed based on the source of the cognitive differences.
The sixth chapter: summary. This paper summarizes the research, points out the limitations and looks forward to further research in the future.
Through the research in this paper, we preliminarily understand the cognitive mechanism differences between "yes" and "be" in judging sentences. This is of positive significance for English teaching, teaching Chinese as a foreign language and translation.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧波大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：H14;H314

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本文編號：1698225