本文選題：“不A不B”　切入點：相關格式　出處：《上海師范大學》2009年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】： 現(xiàn)代漢語“不A不B”格式的出現(xiàn)頻率很高,該格式形式簡練、表義豐富,而且在語言長期發(fā)展過程中不斷得到充實和創(chuàng)新。我們在對外漢語教學中發(fā)現(xiàn),留學生對這種否定副詞的間隔連用也較感興趣,但他們對其理解上存在一定的偏誤,表現(xiàn)在很難辨析同一“不A不B”格式因語境不同所體現(xiàn)的語義差異。而同一個詞分別嵌入“不A不B”和“沒A沒B”格式所產(chǎn)生的格式義,則更容易造成留學生在理解上的偏差和困惑。 本文在三個平面語法理論的指導下,吸收和總結前賢研究成果,基于大量語料分析,分別對“不A不B”格式的內部構成、語義關系、句法功能、語用價值以及與相關格式比較等方面進行了多角度的考察。 首先從進入該格式的詞(語素)的音節(jié)、詞性、位序分析入手,考察進入該格式的詞(語素)的表現(xiàn)形式及變化規(guī)律。詳細討論了“不A不B”格式的語義分類,將此類格式的否定義分成“完全否定”、“部分否定”、“中間義”和“邏輯推理義”。同時,進一步分析此類格式A、B的語義關系,可分為聯(lián)合關系(同義關系、反義關系、同類關系)和偏正關系(假設關系和因果關系)。通過考察分析,認為“不A不B”作為一種固定格式或類固定格式和語法單位,不是孤立存在的,該格式與句中其它句子成分以及上下文語境發(fā)生語法關系和語義關系。 其次考察了“不A不B”格式的句法功能和語用價值,認為該格式中的否定副詞“不”的用法已經(jīng)蛻化,其格式義已具關聯(lián)性,在表達功能上是靜態(tài)的,具有描寫性,在語境中的功能有時相當于一個詞,在句中既可以充當謂語、定語、補語、狀語、賓語,也可以充當復句中的分句。在考察中我們發(fā)現(xiàn),“不A不B”格式有著豐富的語體、感情色彩,在表達上具有較強的功用性,更體現(xiàn)出語言的經(jīng)濟性、簡約性原則。 最后對否定副詞“不”和“沒(有)”在與動詞(動素)、形容詞(形素)和名詞(名素)結合所受的語義制約進行分析,進一步考察了“不A不B”與“沒A沒B”格式在句法、語義、沿用等方面的區(qū)別。我們發(fā)現(xiàn),“不A不曠格式與“沒A沒B”格式在構成成分、構成音節(jié)、語法性質以及語用價值等方而都存有相同之處,這也可以說是兩個格式同時存在的原因和意義所在。但在語義方面,由于“不”和“沒”的制約條件不同,能夠同時進入這兩種格式的詞或語素不多,在有限的詞或語素進入這兩種格式時所體現(xiàn)的語義色彩有時也截然相反。同時,還考察了“不A不B”格式作為“A不A、B不B”格式的一種縮略式,二者在語義特征上的異同之處。
[Abstract]:The modern Chinese format "Bu A not B" has a very high frequency. It is concise in form, rich in meaning, and constantly enriched and innovated in the long process of language development. We have found that in teaching Chinese as a foreign language, Foreign students are also interested in the spacial use of negative adverbs, but they have some errors in their understanding of them. It is very difficult to distinguish the semantic differences in the same "A B" format because of the different context, while the same word is embedded in the "no A B" format and the "no A no B" format, respectively. It is more likely to cause deviation and confusion in the understanding of foreign students. Under the guidance of three plane grammar theories, this paper absorbs and summarizes the achievements of the former scholars, and based on the analysis of a large number of corpus, analyzes the internal structure, semantic relations and syntactic functions of the "no A no B" format, respectively. The pragmatic value and the comparison with relevant formats are investigated from various angles. Starting with the syllable, part of speech and position order of the words (morpheme) entering the format, this paper investigates the expression and variation of the words (morpheme) entering the format, and discusses in detail the semantic classification of the "no A not B" format. The negative meaning of this kind of format is divided into "complete negation", "partial negation", "intermediate meaning" and "logical reasoning meaning". Through investigation and analysis, it is concluded that "no A not B", as a fixed format or class fixed format and grammatical unit, does not exist in isolation. The format has syntactic and semantic relations with other sentence elements and context. Secondly, this paper examines the syntactic function and pragmatic value of the "Bu-A" format, and thinks that the usage of the negative adverb "Bu" in this form has been degenerated, and its formal meaning has been related, and its expressive function is static and descriptive. The function in context is sometimes equivalent to a word, which can be used as predicate, attributive, complement, adverbial, object or clause in complex sentence. Emotional color, in terms of expression has a strong functional, but also reflects the economy of the language, the principle of simplicity. Finally, the semantic constraints of negative adverbs "Bu" and "no (you)" in combination with verbs (actives, adjectives (morpheme) and nouns (nouns) are analyzed, and the syntax of "no A B" and "no A no B" are further investigated. We find that "no A not open format" and "no A no B" format have similarities in composition, syllable, grammatical nature and pragmatic value. This can also be said to be the reason and meaning of the existence of the two formats at the same time. However, in terms of semantics, there are not many words or morphemes that can enter the two formats at the same time due to the different constraints of "no" and "no". Sometimes, the semantic color of the two formats is opposite when a finite word or morpheme enters the two formats. At the same time, the paper also examines the difference and similarities of the semantic features between the two formats as a kind of abbreviated form of "A neither A nor B" format.
【學位授予單位】：上海師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：H146

【引證文獻】

相關碩士學位論文 前2條

1 袁天怡;漢語“不A不B”格式的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展[D];吉首大學;2011年

2 周熙運;“無X不Y”格式及其相關問題研究[D];南京師范大學;2011年

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本文編號：1632616