本文選題：或然類語氣副詞　切入點(diǎn)：句法　出處：《華僑大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：或然類語氣副詞不僅是重要的語法手段,而且是言語交際和對外漢語教學(xué)不可或缺的內(nèi)容。本文運(yùn)用“三個(gè)平面”和功能語法相關(guān)理論,采用描寫解釋、定量定性、靜態(tài)動態(tài)、共時(shí)歷時(shí)結(jié)合分析的方法,比較研究了“也許、或許、大約、大概、恐怕”句法、語義、語用、語法化及主觀化等的異同及其原因。句法比較,考察了其句法位置、與能愿動詞、數(shù)量短語、時(shí)間名詞或短語的組合、與語氣詞共現(xiàn)及內(nèi)部連用共現(xiàn)情況。其句位靈活;經(jīng)常與“可能類”能愿動詞連用,較少與“意愿類、必須類”連用;“大約”主要修飾數(shù)量短語、時(shí)間名詞或短語;與語氣詞“吧1、了、的、呢1”經(jīng)常共現(xiàn),不與“嗎、呢2”共現(xiàn);自身或極相似的不可連用;“大約、大概、恐怕”并舉時(shí)各語義項(xiàng)不可對立相反。語義比較,在詞典和重新釋義基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行了語義辨析。它們都具有或然性和委婉性,但“大約”多估計(jì)時(shí)間、數(shù)量,其他的多推測情況;“大約、大概、恐怕”比“也許、或許”推測理據(jù)客觀、語義確信度大、委婉程度弱;“恐怕”語境色彩偏消極。語用比較,考察了其句類、語體分布和語用功能。它們主要分布于陳述句,較少分布于揣度問句、特指問句、感嘆句,不分布于祈使句;“大概”比“大約”,“也許”比“或許”多分布于口語,“大約”廣泛分布于書面語;它們還具有信息功能、語篇功能和人際功能。語法化及主觀化比較,考察了其語法化過程和機(jī)制、主觀化程度、交互主觀化及交互主觀性等。在雙音化、語義融合及重新分析作用下,“也許、或許”由“也、或、許”各自語法化后詞匯化而來;在隱喻、語義泛化作用下,“大約”由副詞,“大概”由名詞到形容詞到副詞,“恐怕”由害怕義到擔(dān)心義動詞,到揣測(兼擔(dān)心義)副詞,不斷虛化而來;主觀化程度依次為“也許或許大概恐怕大約”;它們還經(jīng)歷了交互主觀化,人際功能即其交互主觀性的表現(xiàn)。本文認(rèn)為各或然類語氣副詞句法、語義、語用等方面的差異相互聯(lián)系、相互制約,且與語法化、主觀化關(guān)系密切;而語用環(huán)境及語言的經(jīng)濟(jì)性原則、明晰性原則是其歷時(shí)演變和共時(shí)差異的決定性因素。
[Abstract]:Probabilistic modal adverbs are not only important grammatical means, but also indispensable content in verbal communication and teaching Chinese as a foreign language. This paper applies the theory of "three planes" and functional grammar, and adopts descriptive interpretation, quantitative qualitative analysis and static dynamic analysis. By means of synchronic diachronic analysis, this paper compares and studies the syntactic, semantic, pragmatic, grammaticalization and subjectivization of the syntactic, semantic, pragmatic, grammatical and subjective syntactic positions. A combination of verbs, quantitative phrases, temporal nouns or phrases, coexisting with mood words and coexisting internally. Its sentence position is flexible; often used with "possible" verbs, less with "willing," Must be "used"; "approximately" mainly modifies quantitative phrases, temporal nouns or phrases; and the modal word "1," 1 "often co-occurs, does not co-occur with" 2 "; itself or very similar cannot be used;" approximately, roughly, " I am afraid that the semantic terms can not be opposed in parallel. Semantic comparison is based on lexicography and reinterpretation. They are both probabilistic and euphemistic, but "approximately" estimates more time and quantity. I am afraid that "probably" is more objective than "perhaps", with a large degree of semantic certainty and a weak degree of euphemism; "I am afraid" the context is somewhat negative. Stylistic distribution and pragmatic functions. They are mainly distributed in declarative sentences, less in predictors, especially in questions, exclamations, Not distributed in imperative sentences; "probably" than "approximately", "perhaps" than "perhaps" distributed in spoken language, "about" widely distributed in written language; they also have informational, textual and interpersonal functions, grammaticalization and subjectivization, The grammaticalization process and mechanism, the degree of subjectivity, the subjectivization of interaction and the subjectivity of interaction are investigated. Under the action of bisyllabic, semantic fusion and reanalysis, "maybe, maybe" comes from the lexicalization of "also, or, Xu" after their respective grammaticalization. Under the influence of metaphor and semantic generalization, "approximate" comes from adverbs, "probably" from nouns to adjectives to adverbs, "I'm afraid" from fear of meaning to worry about semantic verbs, to speculate (and worry about meaning) adverbs, and constantly fictitious. The degree of subjectivization in turn is "perhaps perhaps probably roughly"; they also experience interaction subjectivization, and interpersonal function is the manifestation of interaction subjectivity. This paper holds that the syntactic and semantic features of each probabilistic modal adverb. The differences in pragmatics are closely related to grammaticalization and subjectivization, while the economic principle of pragmatic environment and language, the principle of clarity is the decisive factor of its diachronic evolution and synchronic difference.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華僑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H146.2

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本文編號：1613528