【摘要】：國內(nèi)相關(guān)研究指出自閉癥兒童家庭面臨著比正常兒童和其他殘障兒童家庭更大的壓力,其父母的身心健康程度低,生活質(zhì)量水平不高,這從側(cè)面暗示著自閉癥兒童是導(dǎo)致整個家庭負(fù)面產(chǎn)出的“根源”。然而自閉癥兒童的出現(xiàn)雖然會給家庭帶來挑戰(zhàn),但是我們并不能因此而抹滅他們?yōu)榧彝ニ龀龅姆e極改變。為了更為全面去了解自閉癥兒童在家庭產(chǎn)出(Family Outcome)中所做出的積極努力,我們需要了解自閉癥兒童對整個家庭的積極貢獻(xiàn)情況、影響因素和社會支持狀況,從而促進(jìn)積極的家庭產(chǎn)出。本研究使用自編的《自閉癥兒童家庭積極貢獻(xiàn)問卷》和張美云修訂的《社會支持量表》對重慶、湖南、廣東共337名0-12歲自閉癥兒童的家長進(jìn)行相關(guān)問卷調(diào)查,同時選取15名自閉癥兒童家長進(jìn)行深度訪談,了解自閉癥兒童對家庭所帶來的積極影響。本研究使用SPSS21對相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行獨立T檢驗、單因素方差分析、相關(guān)分析和逐步回歸分析后其研究結(jié)果如下:1.自編《自閉癥兒童家庭積極貢獻(xiàn)問卷》包括工作發(fā)展、幸福感與成就感、通過經(jīng)歷了解到特殊知識、社會關(guān)系的擴(kuò)展、個人成長和成熟、更易理解生活的意義6個維度。問卷總體信度是0.94,各維度信度在0.658-0.886之間;問卷各維度相關(guān)系數(shù)在0.446-0.726之間,各維度與問卷總體之間相關(guān)系數(shù)在0.709-0.898之間,各維度之間中度相關(guān),各維度與積極貢獻(xiàn)之間高度相關(guān)。2.自閉癥兒童家庭積極貢獻(xiàn)處于中等水平。城鄉(xiāng)、父母文化程度、父母就業(yè)情況、家庭月收入、兒童性別、障礙程度六個因素對自閉癥兒童家庭積極貢獻(xiàn)有顯著影響。父母性別、家庭形態(tài)、父母子女?dāng)?shù)、發(fā)現(xiàn)兒童障礙年齡、主要照顧者、就讀學(xué)校性質(zhì)對家庭積極貢獻(xiàn)皆沒有顯著影響。3.自閉癥兒童家庭社會支持現(xiàn)狀令人堪憂,按照得分高低排序為工具支持、情緒支持和訊息支持,非正式支持多來源于家庭成員,正式社會支持多來源于殘聯(lián)和學(xué)校人員。4.自閉癥兒童家庭社會支持中情緒支持、非正式社會支持和正式社會支持能夠有效預(yù)測積極貢獻(xiàn)。根據(jù)研究結(jié)果,研究者為提升自閉癥兒童家庭積極貢獻(xiàn)提供了相關(guān)建議。
[Abstract]:Relevant domestic studies have pointed out that families of autistic children face greater pressure than families of normal children and other disabled children, and their parents have a low level of physical and mental health and a poor quality of life. This suggests that autistic children are the cause of negative family outcomes. But the emergence of autistic children poses challenges to families, but we cannot erase the positive changes they make for families. In order to understand more fully the positive efforts of autistic children in (Family Outcome), we need to understand the positive contribution of autistic children to the whole family, the influence factors and the social support. Thus promoting positive household outcomes. In this study, 337 parents of 0-12 years old autistic children in Chongqing, Hunan and Guangdong were investigated by using self-designed Family active contribution questionnaire and Zhang Meiyun's revised Social support scale. At the same time, 15 parents of autistic children were interviewed in depth to understand the positive impact of autistic children on their families. In this study, SPSS21 was used to carry out independent T test, single factor analysis of variance, correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis. The results were as follows: 1. The questionnaire includes six dimensions: job development, sense of happiness and accomplishment, understanding of special knowledge, expansion of social relations, personal growth and maturity, and easier to understand the meaning of life. The overall reliability of the questionnaire was 0.94, and the reliability of each dimension was between 0.658-0.886; The correlation coefficient of each dimension is 0.446-0.726, the correlation coefficient between each dimension and the whole questionnaire is 0.709-0.898, the correlation coefficient between each dimension is moderate, and the correlation coefficient between each dimension and positive contribution is high. 2. 2. Families with autistic children are at a moderate level of positive contributions. Six factors, such as urban and rural areas, parents' education level, parents' employment, family monthly income, children's sex and degree of handicap, have significant influence on the positive contribution of children with autism. The gender of parents, the shape of family, the number of parents and children, the age of children with disability, the main caregivers, and the nature of schooling had no significant influence on the positive contribution of family. 3. The status of family social support for autistic children is worrisome. According to the score, social support is regarded as tool support, emotional support and information support, informal support comes from family members, formal social support comes from disabled persons and school staff. 4. Emotional support, informal social support and formal social support can effectively predict positive contributions in family social support for autistic children. According to the findings, the researchers provided suggestions for improving the positive contribution of autistic children's families.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G76

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