【摘要】：化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)是學(xué)生最喜歡的教學(xué)活動(dòng),化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)芗ぐl(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)化學(xué)的興趣和激情,更是培養(yǎng)和發(fā)展學(xué)生思維能力和創(chuàng)新能力及實(shí)踐能力的重要方法和手段。但在實(shí)際教學(xué)中,實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)一直存在輕過程、重結(jié)論的問題,使化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)沒有發(fā)揮其應(yīng)有的功能和作用。研究高中化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn),發(fā)現(xiàn)部分化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)存在設(shè)計(jì)不足或?qū)嶒?yàn)效果不好等情況,導(dǎo)致實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)效果不理想不能更好地為教學(xué)服務(wù)。為了提高教材中部分實(shí)驗(yàn)的觀察性、操作性和實(shí)效性,結(jié)合教育教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn),重在幫助和提高學(xué)生的科學(xué)素養(yǎng),對(duì)高中教材的部分化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化和改進(jìn),目的是讓化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)更好地發(fā)揮教育教學(xué)功能,提高化學(xué)教育教學(xué)的效率與質(zhì)量。本課題研究是對(duì)教材中的部分實(shí)驗(yàn):鈉與水反應(yīng)、鈉在空氣中燃燒、鋁在氧氣中燃燒、鐵與水蒸氣的反應(yīng)、氯氣的漂白、銅與濃硝酸反應(yīng)、銅與稀硝酸反應(yīng)、二氧化硫漂白、焰色反應(yīng)、碳酸鈉和碳酸氫鈉與鹽酸反應(yīng)、氨氣的噴泉實(shí)驗(yàn)、氫氣與氯氣的爆炸實(shí)驗(yàn)等進(jìn)行優(yōu)化和改進(jìn),再應(yīng)用優(yōu)化改進(jìn)的實(shí)驗(yàn)與原實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)比教學(xué)。通過研究得出優(yōu)化和改進(jìn)的實(shí)驗(yàn)提高了實(shí)驗(yàn)的智力價(jià)值,能更好地激發(fā)學(xué)生的創(chuàng)新思維,能使學(xué)生提出問題、分析問題和解決問題,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生科學(xué)探究的能力,有助于學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)化學(xué)知識(shí)、技能和方法,促進(jìn)學(xué)生認(rèn)知的發(fā)展、對(duì)科學(xué)本質(zhì)的理解和科學(xué)精神的內(nèi)化。
[Abstract]:Chemistry experiment is a favorite teaching activity of students. Chemical experiment can stimulate students' interest and passion in learning chemistry, and it is also an important method and means to cultivate and develop students' thinking ability, innovation ability and practical ability. However, in the actual teaching, there is always the problem of light process and heavy conclusion in the experiment teaching, which makes the chemistry experiment teaching not play its proper function and function. By studying chemical experiments in senior high schools, it is found that some of the experiments are not well designed or the experimental results are not good, which leads to the unsatisfactory effect of experiment teaching and can not serve the teaching better. In order to improve the observation, maneuverability and effectiveness of some experiments in the teaching materials, combining with the educational teaching experience and focusing on helping and improving the students' scientific literacy, the author optimizes and improves some chemical experiments in the teaching materials of senior high school. The purpose of this paper is to give full play to the teaching function of chemistry experiment and to improve the efficiency and quality of chemistry teaching. This research is part of the experiments in the textbook: the reaction of sodium with water, the combustion of sodium in air, the combustion of aluminum in oxygen, the reaction of iron with water vapor, the bleaching of chlorine gas, the reaction of copper with concentrated nitric acid, the reaction of copper with nitric acid, the bleaching of sulfur dioxide, The flame reaction, the reaction of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate with hydrochloric acid, the fountain experiment of ammonia gas and the explosion experiment of hydrogen and chlorine gas were optimized and improved. It is concluded that the optimization and improvement of the experiment can improve the intellectual value of the experiment, stimulate the students' creative thinking, enable the students to raise problems, analyze and solve problems, and cultivate the students' ability of scientific inquiry. It is helpful for students to learn chemical knowledge, skills and methods, to promote the development of students' cognition, to understand the essence of science and to internalize the spirit of science.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：G633.8

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