近五年高考語文詞語類試題研究及解題策略
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-10 12:46
【摘要】：詞語屬于語文學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)知識部分,正確使用詞語是在掌握詞義基礎(chǔ)之上的運用與表達,屬于《高考語文考試大綱》中要求學(xué)生掌握六大能力之一的表達應(yīng)用能力。詞語專題的學(xué)習(xí)分布在高中語文選修課課程的“語言文字應(yīng)用”模塊,章節(jié)主要分布在第四章和第五章,涉及到了實詞、虛詞、熟語,以及新詞語的學(xué)習(xí)。詞語作為語文基礎(chǔ)知識的一部分是要一直積累學(xué)習(xí)的,它作為人文知識的一部分,對提高學(xué)生的人文素養(yǎng)也起著至關(guān)重要的作用,因此在高中教育階段也應(yīng)該引起重視�？疾閷W(xué)生對詞語(包括熟語)的運用能力在近五年《高考語文考試大綱》中一直是一個必考知識點,因此筆者在本文主要通過研究近五年全國及其各省市的高考詞語題來為一線教師提供詞語專題資源和詞語運用能力提升建議。本文的第一部分是研究近五年全國及各省市詞語題的命題特點及其規(guī)律,從題量、分值、題型、設(shè)題方式、詞語(包括熟語)的選用等方面做了全方面的分析研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)了各地高考詞語題題量和分值比較穩(wěn)定,大部分的高考試卷都是每年維持在1題3分的狀態(tài),除山東卷和福建卷等個別高考試卷除外；詞語題的題型主要是選擇題；設(shè)題方式主要是判別畫點或劃線的詞語(包括熟語)使用是否得當或者是選擇正確的詞語(包括熟語)填入空中；選用規(guī)律上：成語的考查比例最大,虛詞的考查比例最小,實詞居中；成語的考查主要以考查其使用誤區(qū)為主,望文生義、褒貶誤用、不合語境是其主要考查誤區(qū)；虛詞從詞性上看,主要考查的是副詞和連詞；實詞從詞性上看,主要考查的是名詞、動詞和形容詞；從詞義上看,不管是實詞、虛詞還是熟語,其近義詞考查都是其辨析難點。通過對詞語題命題方式及規(guī)律的研究,筆者也發(fā)現(xiàn)了高考詞語題題型單一、分值偏低、考點不均衡等問題,從這些方面也給予了高考詞語題命題一些建議。本文的第二部分主要是結(jié)合第一部分為學(xué)生提高詞語類試題的解題能力提供策略,分實詞、虛詞和成語三部分展開,實詞解題策略主要是要求學(xué)生掌握實詞的理性義和色彩義以及運用方法,虛詞的解題策略主要是要求學(xué)生分清詞性、辨清分局關(guān)系,以及能辨析近義詞；成語的解題策略主要要求學(xué)生弄清成語的實際意義、適用范圍、感情色彩、語法功能以及能分辨出相似形態(tài)表現(xiàn)的成語。筆者希望本文對詞語題的研究能夠切實幫助高中語文教師更好的開展詞語教學(xué),給學(xué)生做好詞語專題的訓(xùn)練,幫助他們提高語言應(yīng)用能力。但是不建議高中語文教師把高考題作為提分神器,而忘記高考語文試卷設(shè)置詞語題的初衷。
[Abstract]:Words belong to the basic knowledge of Chinese learning. The correct use of words is the use and expression of words on the basis of mastering the meaning of words. It belongs to the application ability of expression which is required for students to master one of the six abilities in the College entrance examination syllabus of Chinese examination. The study of the topic of words is distributed in the "language and character application" module of the Chinese elective course in senior high school, and the chapters are mainly distributed in the fourth and fifth chapters, which involve the study of notional words, function words, idioms, and new words. As a part of the basic knowledge of Chinese language, words and expressions should be accumulated and studied all the time. As a part of humanistic knowledge, words also play a vital role in improving students' humanistic literacy, so they should be paid more attention to in the stage of high school education. The ability of students to use words (including idioms) has always been a necessary knowledge point in the Chinese examination syllabus of the college entrance examination in the past five years. Therefore, in this paper, the author mainly through the study of the nearly five years of the national and provinces and cities of the college entrance examination words and phrases for the first line of teachers to provide specific resources and words to improve their ability to use suggestions. The first part of this paper is to study the propositional characteristics and rules of the words in the last five years, including the quantity, value, type, way of setting questions, the choice of words (including idioms) and so on, which are analyzed and studied in all aspects, such as the quantity of questions, the value of questions, the types of questions, the choice of words (including idioms) and so on. It is found that the quantity and score of the words and questions in the college entrance examination are relatively stable, and most of the examination papers are maintained in the state of 3 points each year, except for the individual papers of the college entrance examination, such as Shandong volume and Fujian volume, and the question types of the words are mainly multiple choice questions. The main way of setting questions is to judge whether the words drawn or underlined (including idioms) are used properly or to select the correct words (including idioms) to fill in the air; the rules of selection are as follows: the proportion of examination of idioms is the largest and the proportion of functional words is the smallest. Notional words are in the middle; idioms are mainly examined in the wrong use of their usages, which are characterized by misconception, praise and misuse, which are not in context. In terms of part of speech, functional words are mainly examined for adverbs and conjunctions; from the aspect of part of speech, notional words are mainly examined for their adverbs and conjunctions, and from the aspect of part of speech, they are mainly examined by adverbs and conjunctions. Nouns, verbs and adjectives are mainly examined. In terms of lexical meaning, it is difficult to distinguish its synonyms, whether it is a notional word, a function word or an idiom. Through the study of the way and law of the proposition of words and phrases, the author also finds some problems such as single type of questions, low scores and uneven examination points, and gives some suggestions on the proposition of words and phrases in college entrance examination from these aspects. The second part of this paper mainly combines the first part to provide the strategy for the students to improve the ability of solving the questions of words and phrases, which is divided into three parts: notional words, function words and idioms. The strategy of notional word problem solving mainly requires students to master the rational meaning, color meaning and application method of notional words, while the strategy of function word problem solving mainly requires students to distinguish part of speech, distinguish the relation between substations, and can distinguish the near synonyms. The strategy of solving idioms requires students to find out the actual meaning of idioms, the scope of application, the color of feelings, the grammatical functions and the idioms that can distinguish the expression of similar forms. The author hopes that the study of words and phrases in this paper can help the senior high school Chinese teachers to better carry out the teaching of words, to do a good job in the training of words for students, and to help them to improve their language application ability. However, it is not recommended that high school Chinese teachers regard college entrance examination questions as an artifact, and forget the original intention of setting up word questions in college entrance examination papers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：G634.3
本文編號：2261817
[Abstract]:Words belong to the basic knowledge of Chinese learning. The correct use of words is the use and expression of words on the basis of mastering the meaning of words. It belongs to the application ability of expression which is required for students to master one of the six abilities in the College entrance examination syllabus of Chinese examination. The study of the topic of words is distributed in the "language and character application" module of the Chinese elective course in senior high school, and the chapters are mainly distributed in the fourth and fifth chapters, which involve the study of notional words, function words, idioms, and new words. As a part of the basic knowledge of Chinese language, words and expressions should be accumulated and studied all the time. As a part of humanistic knowledge, words also play a vital role in improving students' humanistic literacy, so they should be paid more attention to in the stage of high school education. The ability of students to use words (including idioms) has always been a necessary knowledge point in the Chinese examination syllabus of the college entrance examination in the past five years. Therefore, in this paper, the author mainly through the study of the nearly five years of the national and provinces and cities of the college entrance examination words and phrases for the first line of teachers to provide specific resources and words to improve their ability to use suggestions. The first part of this paper is to study the propositional characteristics and rules of the words in the last five years, including the quantity, value, type, way of setting questions, the choice of words (including idioms) and so on, which are analyzed and studied in all aspects, such as the quantity of questions, the value of questions, the types of questions, the choice of words (including idioms) and so on. It is found that the quantity and score of the words and questions in the college entrance examination are relatively stable, and most of the examination papers are maintained in the state of 3 points each year, except for the individual papers of the college entrance examination, such as Shandong volume and Fujian volume, and the question types of the words are mainly multiple choice questions. The main way of setting questions is to judge whether the words drawn or underlined (including idioms) are used properly or to select the correct words (including idioms) to fill in the air; the rules of selection are as follows: the proportion of examination of idioms is the largest and the proportion of functional words is the smallest. Notional words are in the middle; idioms are mainly examined in the wrong use of their usages, which are characterized by misconception, praise and misuse, which are not in context. In terms of part of speech, functional words are mainly examined for adverbs and conjunctions; from the aspect of part of speech, notional words are mainly examined for their adverbs and conjunctions, and from the aspect of part of speech, they are mainly examined by adverbs and conjunctions. Nouns, verbs and adjectives are mainly examined. In terms of lexical meaning, it is difficult to distinguish its synonyms, whether it is a notional word, a function word or an idiom. Through the study of the way and law of the proposition of words and phrases, the author also finds some problems such as single type of questions, low scores and uneven examination points, and gives some suggestions on the proposition of words and phrases in college entrance examination from these aspects. The second part of this paper mainly combines the first part to provide the strategy for the students to improve the ability of solving the questions of words and phrases, which is divided into three parts: notional words, function words and idioms. The strategy of notional word problem solving mainly requires students to master the rational meaning, color meaning and application method of notional words, while the strategy of function word problem solving mainly requires students to distinguish part of speech, distinguish the relation between substations, and can distinguish the near synonyms. The strategy of solving idioms requires students to find out the actual meaning of idioms, the scope of application, the color of feelings, the grammatical functions and the idioms that can distinguish the expression of similar forms. The author hopes that the study of words and phrases in this paper can help the senior high school Chinese teachers to better carry out the teaching of words, to do a good job in the training of words for students, and to help them to improve their language application ability. However, it is not recommended that high school Chinese teachers regard college entrance examination questions as an artifact, and forget the original intention of setting up word questions in college entrance examination papers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：G634.3
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