【摘要】：高考戶籍制和分省配額制是我國(guó)高考制度的兩大顯著特征。高考移民與異地高考是基于相同的制度背景,由不同的條件催化而產(chǎn)生的現(xiàn)象。高考移民與異地高考從現(xiàn)象逐漸演變成為教育問(wèn)題,其中有著諸多的社會(huì)緣由。高等教育資源分配不均、省際錄取分?jǐn)?shù)線的明顯差異、潛在的利益對(duì)各方的誘惑等為高考移民行為提供了動(dòng)力,高考移民現(xiàn)象也因此衍生為一個(gè)棘手的問(wèn)題。中央與地方政府通過(guò)采取有力的措施使高考移民亂象得到了有效的控制。然而,隨著社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型期人口的大規(guī)模流動(dòng),在新課程改革和高考分省命題的背景下,隨遷子女在流入地參加升學(xué)考試因高考報(bào)名的戶籍限制產(chǎn)生了新的異地高考問(wèn)題。高考移民和異地高考的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展具備一定的“繼承性”,原因在于兩者都指向于高等教育資源的獲取。高考移民作為一種投機(jī)行為,確實(shí)有損教育公平,但從反面看來(lái)也體現(xiàn)著高考移民群體對(duì)自身教育公平權(quán)利的追求。目前,高考移民行為基本上沒(méi)有了投機(jī)空間,由于存在明顯的利益,高考移民仍有發(fā)生的動(dòng)力。異地高考體現(xiàn)著隨遷子女平等地參與社會(huì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的權(quán)利,彰顯著社會(huì)的公平正義,異地高考的推進(jìn)緊迫而必要。但是,高考移民和異地高考之間缺乏易操作性的鑒別標(biāo)準(zhǔn),對(duì)兩者的準(zhǔn)確區(qū)分存在較大的技術(shù)性障礙。在當(dāng)前形勢(shì)下,異地高考的推行過(guò)程中應(yīng)合理地設(shè)置準(zhǔn)入條件。同時(shí),可訴諸于高校招生考試制度變革,高校按照自身辦學(xué)類型進(jìn)行招生,實(shí)行分類型考試,以合理疏導(dǎo)高考秩序、緩解當(dāng)前高考激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)狀況。而要從根本上解決高考移民和異地高考問(wèn)題,促進(jìn)高考公平性的實(shí)質(zhì)性落實(shí),則須逐步弱化戶籍對(duì)高考的作用,加大對(duì)教育的投入力度、合理調(diào)整教育資源配置失衡的格局,扭轉(zhuǎn)當(dāng)前省際“高考錄取分?jǐn)?shù)線傾斜”的局面。
[Abstract]:The household registration system and the provincial quota system are two significant features of the college entrance examination system in China. The emigration of college entrance examination and the college entrance examination in different places are based on the same institutional background and are catalyzed by different conditions. There are many social reasons for the evolution from phenomenon to educational problem of college entrance examination emigration and college entrance examination in different places. The uneven distribution of higher education resources, the obvious difference of provincial admission score, the temptation of potential benefits to all parties provide the motive force for the college entrance examination emigration behavior, and the phenomenon of college entrance examination emigration has thus become a thorny problem. The central and local governments have taken effective measures to control the chaos of college entrance examination immigrants. However, with the large-scale mobility of the population in the social transition period, under the background of the new curriculum reform and the proposition of dividing the college entrance examination into provinces, the problem of entrance examination in different places has arisen because of the limitation of the household registration of the entrance examination. The origin and development of the college entrance examination immigrants and the college entrance examination in different places have certain "inheritance", the reason is that both of them point to the acquisition of higher education resources. As a kind of speculative behavior, college entrance examination immigrants do harm to education fairness, but from the opposite point of view, it also reflects the pursuit of their own right to education equity. At present, there is basically no room for speculation in the behavior of college entrance examination immigrants. The college entrance examination in different places reflects the right of children to participate in the social competition equally and the fairness and justice of the society. The promotion of the college entrance examination in different places is urgent and necessary. However, there is a lack of easy-to-operate identification standard between college entrance examination immigrants and other places, and there is a great technical obstacle to the accurate distinction between the two. In the current situation, the entrance conditions should be set reasonably in the course of the implementation of the college entrance examination in different places. At the same time, we can resort to the reform of the college entrance examination system. Colleges and universities can recruit students according to their own types of running a school and carry out sub-type examinations in order to reasonably guide the order of the college entrance examination and alleviate the fierce competition situation of the current college entrance examination. In order to fundamentally solve the problems of emigration and non-native college entrance examination, and to promote the substantive implementation of the fairness of the college entrance examination, we must gradually weaken the role of household registration in the college entrance examination, increase the investment in education, and rationally adjust the unbalanced pattern of educational resources allocation. Reverse the current provincial "college entrance examination enrollment line tilt" situation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：G639.2

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本文編號(hào)：2237927