發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-12 20:24

  本文選題：化學(xué)基本觀念 + 實(shí)際問(wèn)題��； 參考：《四川師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著對(duì)基礎(chǔ)教育課程改革的深入推進(jìn),對(duì)教育本質(zhì)認(rèn)識(shí)的深化和教學(xué)實(shí)踐的發(fā)展,教育工作者意識(shí)到實(shí)現(xiàn)“觀念建構(gòu)”為本的教學(xué)應(yīng)是化學(xué)教學(xué)的一個(gè)基本價(jià)值取向和實(shí)踐追求,是有效促進(jìn)學(xué)生科學(xué)素養(yǎng)全面發(fā)展的重要途徑。課程改革希望學(xué)生能從“知識(shí)為本”轉(zhuǎn)向“觀念建構(gòu)”,通過(guò)化學(xué)課程的學(xué)習(xí),掌握從化學(xué)的視角去認(rèn)識(shí)和解釋身邊的實(shí)際問(wèn)題。此外,問(wèn)題解決是現(xiàn)代認(rèn)知心理學(xué)的一個(gè)重要研究領(lǐng)域和方向,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生解決問(wèn)題的意識(shí)和能力也是科學(xué)教育目標(biāo)之重。學(xué)生運(yùn)用觀念解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題既滿足了當(dāng)代教育改革對(duì)于學(xué)生科學(xué)素養(yǎng)的必然需求,也符合現(xiàn)代社會(huì)發(fā)展對(duì)于未來(lái)公民素質(zhì)的基本要求。調(diào)查表明,很多教師難以在應(yīng)試教育的壓力與科學(xué)素養(yǎng)的培養(yǎng)之間找到一個(gè)平衡點(diǎn)。本文嘗試在教育過(guò)程中滲透運(yùn)用化學(xué)基本觀念解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題的方法和理念,尋找一些真實(shí)有效的教育教學(xué)方法。本研究從以下七個(gè)部分來(lái)進(jìn)行闡述:第一部分:表明選題的原因。分析用觀念解決問(wèn)題的教學(xué)價(jià)值,提出問(wèn)題并闡述研究?jī)?nèi)容與研究方法。第二部分:闡述研究的理論基礎(chǔ)。分析化學(xué)基本觀念和促進(jìn)化學(xué)觀念形成的相關(guān)理論。第三部分:實(shí)際問(wèn)題的解決心理機(jī)制。包括農(nóng)村高中學(xué)生概述、問(wèn)題概述、影響農(nóng)村高中學(xué)生解決問(wèn)題的因素以及解決問(wèn)題的一般范式。第四部分:提出教學(xué)策略。針對(duì)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生運(yùn)用觀念解決問(wèn)題,提出合理切實(shí)可行的基本教學(xué)建議。第五部分:教學(xué)過(guò)程框架展示。分別以高中人教版金屬晶體的原子堆積模型、萃取、簡(jiǎn)單分類法及其應(yīng)用、氧化還原反應(yīng)的應(yīng)用等為例,闡述如何運(yùn)用基本觀念解決學(xué)術(shù)、自然、生活中的化學(xué)問(wèn)題。第六部分:教學(xué)實(shí)施與評(píng)價(jià)。通過(guò)學(xué)生反饋、教師反饋調(diào)查研究觀念解決問(wèn)題的現(xiàn)狀以及教學(xué)策略的可行性。第七部分:結(jié)論與展望。發(fā)現(xiàn)研究中存在的需要改進(jìn)的地方,積極改進(jìn)并反思。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of the basic education curriculum reform, the deepening of the understanding of the nature of education and the development of teaching practice, Educators realize that the realization of "concept construction" based teaching should be a basic value orientation and practical pursuit of chemistry teaching, and is an important way to effectively promote the all-round development of students' scientific literacy. The curriculum reform hopes that students can change from "knowledge based" to "concept construction" and understand and explain the practical problems around them from the perspective of chemistry through the study of chemistry curriculum. In addition, problem solving is an important research field and direction of modern cognitive psychology, and it is also the important goal of science education to cultivate students' awareness and ability to solve problems. The application of ideas to solve practical problems not only meets the inevitable demand of contemporary educational reform for students' scientific literacy, but also meets the basic requirements of the development of modern society for the future quality of citizens. The investigation shows that many teachers find it difficult to find a balance between the pressure of exam-oriented education and the cultivation of scientific literacy. This paper attempts to infiltrate the methods and ideas of solving practical problems with the basic concept of chemistry in the process of education, and to find some real and effective teaching methods. This study from the following seven parts to elaborate: the first part: show the reasons for the topic. This paper analyzes the teaching value of solving problems with ideas, puts forward problems and expounds the contents and methods of research. The second part: expound the theoretical basis of the research. Basic concepts of analytical chemistry and related theories to promote the formation of chemical concepts. The third part: the psychological mechanism of solving practical problems. It includes an overview of rural senior high school students, an overview of problems, factors affecting rural senior high school students' problem-solving and the general paradigm of problem-solving. The fourth part: put forward the teaching strategy. In order to train students to use ideas to solve problems, reasonable and feasible basic teaching suggestions are put forward. The fifth part: the teaching process frame display. Taking the atomic stacking model, extraction, simple classification and application of metal crystals as examples, and the application of redox reaction, this paper expounds how to solve the chemical problems in academic, natural and daily life by using basic concepts. The sixth part: teaching implementation and evaluation. Through student feedback and teacher feedback, the present situation of problem solving and the feasibility of teaching strategies are investigated. Part seven: conclusion and prospect. Find out what needs to be improved in the research, and actively improve and reflect on it.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：G633.8

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