本文選題：導(dǎo)數(shù) + 困難點�。� 參考：《東北師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：“導(dǎo)數(shù)及其應(yīng)用”這一章是高中數(shù)學(xué)的重要組成部分,同時又是數(shù)學(xué)分析中微積分的核心內(nèi)容之一。在許多數(shù)學(xué)之外的其他自然科學(xué)領(lǐng)域中,導(dǎo)數(shù)都扮演著重要的角色,起著至關(guān)重要的作用。在學(xué)習(xí)導(dǎo)數(shù)知識的過程中,學(xué)生可以逐漸體會到“導(dǎo)數(shù)及其應(yīng)用”中所包含的很多重要的數(shù)學(xué)思想與方法,認識到導(dǎo)數(shù)在研究函數(shù)性質(zhì)時的工具作用。在新一輪的課程改革中,加大了對“導(dǎo)數(shù)及其應(yīng)用”的考察力度和要求。我在實際教學(xué)中發(fā)現(xiàn)：一部分高中生在學(xué)習(xí)“導(dǎo)數(shù)及其應(yīng)用”時產(chǎn)生了不同程度的理解和運用方面的困難。本文的主要研究目的是調(diào)查并研究高中生在學(xué)習(xí)“導(dǎo)數(shù)及其應(yīng)用”時所產(chǎn)生的困難點有哪些,分析產(chǎn)生這些困難點的具體原因,探究合理的學(xué)習(xí)“導(dǎo)數(shù)及其應(yīng)用”的教學(xué)模式,總結(jié)出克服這些困難點的方法和策略以及怎樣克服這些困難點,效果怎樣。本文研究的類別是“導(dǎo)數(shù)及其應(yīng)用”,面對的群體是高中階段在學(xué)習(xí)“微積分”時存在不同程度困難的學(xué)生。這部分群體是指智力在正常范圍內(nèi),在高中學(xué)段接受學(xué)科教育的,由多種學(xué)習(xí)因素而引起的在學(xué)習(xí)“導(dǎo)數(shù)及其應(yīng)用”較為長久的接受不良的學(xué)生。表現(xiàn)為課堂上不能跟住教師的思路,無法掌握課堂上所學(xué)的知識,在應(yīng)用導(dǎo)數(shù)的知識解決數(shù)學(xué)中的相關(guān)問題時,表現(xiàn)為不靈活或是無法順利解決問題。本文重點采用調(diào)查問卷法,通過分析學(xué)生在測試(一)中出現(xiàn)的問題和錯誤,分析研究學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)“導(dǎo)數(shù)及其應(yīng)用”時遇到的困難。困難類型主要有：一是數(shù)學(xué)概念理解不透徹；二是公式和定理記憶有偏差、運用不得當(dāng)；三是解題步驟不規(guī)范；四是解題方法和步驟不明確；五是知識遷移能力差欠缺必要的數(shù)學(xué)思想與解題能力。本文結(jié)合調(diào)查問卷總結(jié)出高中生學(xué)習(xí)“導(dǎo)數(shù)及其應(yīng)用”產(chǎn)生困難的原因,總結(jié)出困難類型,并提出相應(yīng)的教學(xué)建議和策略,對比改進前和改進后的效果并作出分析。
[Abstract]:Derivative and its Application is an important part of high school mathematics, and also one of the core contents of calculus in mathematical analysis. Derivative plays an important role in many fields of science other than mathematics. In the process of learning derivative knowledge, students can gradually realize many important mathematical ideas and methods contained in "derivative and its application", and realize the instrumental role of derivative in studying the nature of function. In the new round of curriculum reform, the investigation of derivative and its application has been strengthened. In practical teaching, I find that some senior high school students have some difficulties in understanding and applying "derivative and its application". The main purpose of this paper is to investigate and study the difficulties in learning "derivative and its application" in senior high school students, to analyze the specific causes of these difficulties, and to explore the teaching mode of "derivative and its application". The methods and strategies of overcoming these difficulties are summarized. The category of this paper is "derivative and its application", and the group is the students who are difficult to learn "calculus" in senior middle school. This part of the group refers to students whose intelligence is in the normal range and who receive subject education in the senior middle school, which is caused by a variety of learning factors, and the students who have accepted the derivative and its application in learning for a long time. It can not follow the teacher's thinking in class, can not master the knowledge learned in the classroom. When applying derivative knowledge to solve the related problems in mathematics, it is shown as inflexible or unable to solve problems smoothly. By analyzing the problems and errors of students in the test (1), this paper focuses on the questionnaire method, and analyzes the difficulties encountered by students in learning "derivative and its application". The main types of difficulties are: first, the mathematical concept is not fully understood; second, the formula and theorem memory is biased, the application is not appropriate; third, the steps of solving the problem are not standardized; the fourth, the methods and steps of solving the problem are not clear; Fifth, the poor ability of knowledge transfer lacks the necessary mathematical thought and ability to solve problems. Based on the questionnaire, this paper summarizes the causes of difficulties in learning "derivative and its application", summarizes the types of difficulties, and puts forward corresponding teaching suggestions and strategies, and compares the effects before and after the improvement and makes an analysis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：G633.6

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本文編號：1887194