本文選題：歷史教學　切入點：科學精神　出處：《聊城大學》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：歷史學的科學精神是指一種基于個人獨立思考和實證分析的求是思維、求真態(tài)度。它反對人云亦云、捕風捉影、論點先行,強調(diào)依據(jù)材料說話,有一份材料說一份話,不作沒有依據(jù)的妄斷。只有具備了科學思維、求真精神的人,才能理性地看待問題,冷靜地解決所遇到的難題。本文從三個方面,探討了如何在中學歷史課堂中塑造學生的科學精神。第一章分析了客觀立場與科學精神培養(yǎng)之間的關系。所謂客觀立場,就是超越個人情感,從中立角度看待問題。養(yǎng)成一種客觀立場,有助于學生拋棄個人先入為主的好惡,從客觀角度去分析和理解歷史。本章首先介紹了何為史學的客觀立場,并提出客觀立場養(yǎng)成的幾個方面,認為可以通過客觀閱讀和理解歷史事件、人物等方面來引導學生形成客觀立場。第二章分析了史料熏陶與科學精神培養(yǎng)之間的關系。史料是進行歷史研究的基本憑借,沒有史料,就不可能復原歷史。依據(jù)材料說話,一切判斷都從材料得來,這是歷史科學精神的集中體現(xiàn)。所以,在中學歷史課堂中,引導學生形成“有一份材料說一份話”的史料意識和歷史思維,對于他們理性、科學地看待和解決問題,具有極為重要的意義。第三章分析了論文寫作與科學精神培養(yǎng)之間的關系�？茖W精神是一種合理有據(jù)的思維模式,要想讓學生將科學精神內(nèi)在化,形成不自覺的習慣,就必須訓練他們撰寫歷史小論文。撰寫歷史小論文是最好的科學思維訓練方式。訓練學生掌握學術規(guī)范和組織文字的過程,有助于學生養(yǎng)成嚴謹?shù)谋硎隽晳T、合理的思維邏輯和科學的分析能力。中學歷史教學固然應該將提高學生考試成績作為核心目標,但是從長遠來看,只有幫助學生真正領會歷史學習的精髓,掌握歷史研究所隱含的科學精神,才能從根本上提高學生分析和解決問題的能力。
[Abstract]:The scientific spirit of history refers to a kind of seeking truth thinking based on individual independent thinking and empirical analysis. It opposes others to follow the others' lines, catches the shadow of others, puts the argument first, emphasizes to speak according to the material, and has a piece of material to say a word. Only those who have the scientific thinking and the spirit of seeking truth can treat problems rationally and calmly solve the problems encountered. This paper discusses how to shape the students' scientific spirit in the history class of middle school. The first chapter analyzes the relationship between the objective stand and the cultivation of the scientific spirit. It is helpful for students to abandon their preconceived likes and dislikes, and to analyze and understand history from an objective point of view. And put forward several aspects of developing objective position, think that through objective reading and understanding of historical events, The second chapter analyzes the relationship between the edification of historical materials and the cultivation of scientific spirit. Historical data is the basic basis for historical research. Without historical data, it is impossible to recover history. All judgments come from materials, which is a concentrated embodiment of the spirit of historical science. Therefore, in the history class of middle schools, students are guided to form the historical material consciousness and historical thinking of "having a piece of material to say a word", for them to be rational. It is of great significance to treat and solve problems scientifically. Chapter three analyzes the relationship between the writing of papers and the cultivation of scientific spirit. The spirit of science is a reasonable and well-founded mode of thinking, in order to make students internalize the spirit of science. In order to form an unconscious habit, they must be trained to write a history essay. Writing a history paper is the best training method for scientific thinking. It trains students to master the process of academic norms and the organization of writing. It is helpful for students to form rigorous expression habits, reasonable thinking logic and scientific analytical ability. Although the history teaching in middle school should take the improvement of students' test scores as the core goal, in the long run, Only by helping students to understand the essence of history study and grasp the scientific spirit implied in history research can students' ability of analyzing and solving problems be improved fundamentally.
【學位授予單位】：聊城大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：G633.51

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本文編號：1683780