本文選題：高中物理力學(xué)　切入點(diǎn)：核心概念　出處：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：高中物理課程是高中科學(xué)教育的重要課程之一。物理課程的學(xué)習(xí)包括概念、原理和規(guī)律以及技能的學(xué)習(xí),而物理概念統(tǒng)領(lǐng)且包含著物理原理和規(guī)律,核心概念則是物理概念的重中之重。概念教學(xué)是物理課堂教學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)與根基,高中物理概念眾多,要從中提煉出具有提綱挈領(lǐng)的核心概念,對(duì)概念教學(xué)和學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)具有很大的促進(jìn)作用。美國(guó)國(guó)家研究委員會(huì)頒布了《K-12科學(xué)教育框架：實(shí)踐、跨學(xué)科概念和核心概念》,該框架認(rèn)為科學(xué)教給學(xué)生的應(yīng)該是核心概念,而不是零碎的、分散的知識(shí)。自此核心概念的研究成為國(guó)際科學(xué)教育研究關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域。而物理教學(xué)是理科教學(xué)中重要的部分,也開(kāi)始了核心概念的相關(guān)研究。因此通過(guò)調(diào)查并篩選高中物理的核心概念,調(diào)查高中生核心概念學(xué)習(xí)存在問(wèn)題,提出核心概念的教學(xué)策略,這對(duì)于教師教學(xué)、學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)等都具有積極意義。本研究主要包括四方面：第一,以高中物理課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為基準(zhǔn),梳理分析滬科版高中物理教材中的力學(xué)知識(shí),通過(guò)分析教材中每一章節(jié)的重要語(yǔ)句,梳理出其中的物理概念,最后分析找出核心概念。第二,基于筆者篩選出的力學(xué)重要知識(shí)點(diǎn)編制成教師調(diào)查問(wèn)卷表,通過(guò)給一線教師發(fā)放問(wèn)卷調(diào)查表,讓教師根據(jù)自己的理解對(duì)概念的重要程度做出判斷,得出高中物理力學(xué)的核心概念。第三,為了解學(xué)生力學(xué)概念的掌握情況,選用力學(xué)概念測(cè)試卷(FCI)對(duì)高中物理力學(xué)概念進(jìn)行評(píng)測(cè),通過(guò)統(tǒng)計(jì)分析出學(xué)生分?jǐn)?shù)分布情況以及各題的正確率,揭示學(xué)生力學(xué)概念學(xué)習(xí)中存在的問(wèn)題。第四,依據(jù)學(xué)生力學(xué)概念的掌握情況提出核心概念的教學(xué)建議,以期對(duì)高中物理核心概念教學(xué)有指導(dǎo)性意義。本研究得到的結(jié)論有：第一,通過(guò)梳理分析以及調(diào)查研究得到牛頓第二定律、牛頓第三定律、力、運(yùn)動(dòng)的合成與分解、機(jī)械能守恒定律、加速度這樣六個(gè)核心概念。第二,通過(guò)調(diào)查學(xué)生力學(xué)概念掌握情況發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生能夠記住大多數(shù)力學(xué)概念的內(nèi)容,但對(duì)概念的理解浮于表面,缺乏對(duì)核心概念的深層次理解。第三,根據(jù)學(xué)生力學(xué)概念的掌握情況提出力學(xué)核心概念的教學(xué)策略,筆者提出的教學(xué)建議主要體現(xiàn)在四個(gè)方面,樹(shù)立重視核心概念教學(xué)的觀念,增強(qiáng)概念教學(xué)的意識(shí)；圍繞核心概念組織教學(xué)內(nèi)容,提高核心概念教學(xué)效率；從生活情境引入教學(xué),深化核心概念的理解；轉(zhuǎn)變傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)方式,促進(jìn)核心知識(shí)的掌握。
[Abstract]:The high school physics curriculum is one of the most important courses in senior high school physics curriculum of science education. The study includes the concept, principle and rules and skills of learning, and the physical concept and contains the physical principle and law, the core concept is the priority among priorities. The concept of physics concept teaching is the basis and foundation of physics classroom teaching in senior high school physics. Many concepts, to extract the core concept with content from it, has a great effect on the concept of teaching and learning. The National Research Council promulgated the , teach students should be the core concept, rather than piecemeal the dispersion of knowledge. Since the core concept has become a hot topic of concern in the international education research science. But the physics teaching is an important part in science teaching, but also open The related research was the core concept. Therefore, through the investigation and screening of the core concept of high school physics, the core concept of investigation of senior high school students learning problems, put forward the core concept of teaching strategies, for teachers' teaching, students' learning is of great significance. This study mainly includes four aspects: first, the high school physics curriculum standard benchmark analysis mechanics Shanghai Science Edition high school physics teaching material, through the analysis of teaching materials in each section of the important statement, sort out the physical concept of the final analysis to find out the core concepts. The author selected second mechanics knowledge compiled teacher questionnaire based on the questionnaire, through to the teachers let the teacher, according to their own understanding of the importance of the concept of judgment, the core concept of the high school physical mechanics. Third concepts in order to understand the students the palm Hold, the mechanical concept tests (FCI) for evaluation of senior high school physics mechanics concepts, through the statistical analysis of the student score distribution and the correct rate of each question, reveals the existing problems in students learning mechanics concepts. Fourth, according to the students' mastery of mechanics concept put forward the core concept teaching suggestions, in order to guide the significance of the core concept of Physics Teaching in senior high school. The results of this study are: first, by Newton's second law through analysis and research, Newton's third law, force, motion synthesis and decomposition, the law of conservation of mechanical energy, the acceleration of such six core concepts. Second, through investigation of mechanical concepts students found that students to remember that most of the mechanical concept, but the understanding of the concept of floating on the surface, the lack of deep understanding of core concepts. Third, according to their mechanical concept Read the master the core concepts in mechanics teaching strategies, the author puts forward the teaching suggestions are mainly embodied in four aspects, establish the importance of the core concept of teaching concept, strengthen the consciousness of teaching concept; focus on the core concept of the teaching content, improve the core concept of teaching efficiency; introducing teaching from life situation, deepen the understanding of core concepts; to change the traditional way of teaching evaluation, promote the core knowledge.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：G633.7

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本文編號(hào)：1591359

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