本文關(guān)鍵詞： 科學(xué)史 準(zhǔn)歷史 校本課程　出處：《南京師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：科學(xué)史融入科學(xué)課程對于全面提升學(xué)生的科學(xué)素養(yǎng)有著重要的促進(jìn)作用。而高中物理課程中的科學(xué)史的本源價(jià)值應(yīng)是其元認(rèn)知價(jià)值——展現(xiàn)科學(xué)的本質(zhì)和科學(xué)技術(shù)與社會的關(guān)系。這種教育價(jià)值往往是一種理想價(jià)值或者潛在價(jià)值,這些價(jià)值能否落到實(shí)處則要看課程編制的水平以及教師的課堂教學(xué)水平。著眼于科學(xué)史的本源價(jià)值,著手于對教科書中出現(xiàn)的四種“準(zhǔn)歷史”進(jìn)行分析可以得知,這類科學(xué)史旨在增添趣味性以激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)的熱情、說服學(xué)生掌握既定的科學(xué)知識,目前的科學(xué)知識被看做是絕對的、永恒的真理且不容懷疑。這樣的“準(zhǔn)歷史”很有可能會不利于學(xué)生科學(xué)素養(yǎng)和情感、態(tài)度、價(jià)值觀的培養(yǎng)。針對上述情況,提出力求科學(xué)史材料的真實(shí)性、平衡內(nèi)史與外史、避免輝格史傾向、樹立真實(shí)的科學(xué)家榜樣、科學(xué)史與多學(xué)科結(jié)合、科學(xué)史與科學(xué)前沿結(jié)合、注重科學(xué)主義與人文主義的溝通等七條高中物理教材中物理學(xué)史采編原則,中學(xué)物理課程中物理學(xué)史應(yīng)起到的領(lǐng)會探索精髓,凸顯物理學(xué)習(xí)的本質(zhì)、再現(xiàn)理解歷程,深化物理概念的理解、感知探索路徑,領(lǐng)悟物理研究的方法、感嘆探索艱辛,提升物理情感的境界等四種作用,以及在高中物理課程中融入物理學(xué)史的精選史料、挖掘素材、尊重史實(shí)、有機(jī)整合、適量適度、行為對照、人文熏陶等七個實(shí)施要點(diǎn)。在此基礎(chǔ)上,論證以校本課程為實(shí)施形式的物理學(xué)史課程的可行性；并遵循上述要求,采取以某一物理學(xué)家為線索、以某一物理理論的提出、演變和完善過程為線索、以某一基本規(guī)律或概念為核心、以物理與其他科學(xué)、人文和社會的關(guān)系為框架等四種編制思路,設(shè)計(jì)出一系列校本課程案例。通過本研究,希望能引發(fā)高中物理教師對物理學(xué)史內(nèi)容的再思考,豐富和發(fā)展有關(guān)科學(xué)史教育的研究,更好地發(fā)揮科學(xué)史在高中物理課程中的積極作用。
[Abstract]:The integration of the history of science into the science curriculum plays an important role in promoting the students' scientific literacy in an all-round way. The original value of the history of science in the physics curriculum of senior high school should be its metacognitive value-to show the essence of science and technology. The relationship with society. This educational value is often an ideal value or a potential value, Whether these values can be realized depends on the level of curriculum development and teachers' classroom teaching level. Focusing on the origin value of the history of science, we can know by analyzing the four kinds of "quasi-history" that appear in textbooks. This kind of history of science is designed to add interest to students' enthusiasm for learning science and to persuade them to master established scientific knowledge, which is now considered absolute. Such "quasi-history" is likely to be detrimental to the cultivation of students' scientific literacy and feelings, attitudes and values. In view of the above, it is proposed to strive for the authenticity of scientific historical materials and to balance internal and external history. To avoid the tendency of Whig history, to set a true scientist's example, to combine the history of science with many subjects, to combine the history of science with the frontier of science, to pay attention to the communication between scientism and humanism, and to set up the principles of collecting and compiling the history of physics in seven senior high school physics textbooks. The history of physics in middle school physics curriculum should grasp the essence of exploration, highlight the essence of physics learning, reproduce the process of understanding, deepen the understanding of physical concepts, perceive the path of exploration, comprehend the methods of physics research, and exclaim the hardships of exploration. The four functions of improving the realm of physical emotion, as well as integrating the selected historical materials of physics history into the physics curriculum of senior high school, digging materials, respecting historical facts, organically integrating, appropriate amount, behavior contrast, On the basis of this, the feasibility of the physics history course in the form of school-based curriculum is demonstrated, and in accordance with the above requirements, a physicist is taken as a clue and a physics theory is put forward. A series of school-based curriculum cases are designed by taking a basic law or concept as the core and the relationship between physics and other sciences, humanities and society as the framework. It is hoped that high school physics teachers can rethink the contents of physics history, enrich and develop the research on the history of science education, and give full play to the positive role of the history of science in the physics curriculum of senior high school.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：G633.7

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