本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于學(xué)生導(dǎo)數(shù)理解障礙的教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)研究　出處：《四川師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：微積分作為高中選修課程已經(jīng)成為許多國(guó)家的課程內(nèi)容。我國(guó)的《普通高中數(shù)學(xué)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(實(shí)驗(yàn))》(以下簡(jiǎn)稱《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》)強(qiáng)調(diào)微積分教學(xué)突出導(dǎo)數(shù)概念的本質(zhì)以及注重培養(yǎng)學(xué)生應(yīng)用能力及思維能力;重視滲透數(shù)學(xué)思想方法教育的文化價(jià)值。本文結(jié)合新課標(biāo)對(duì)高中導(dǎo)數(shù)的教與學(xué)現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行問卷調(diào)查,根據(jù)問卷調(diào)查結(jié)果,從學(xué)生的問題出發(fā),設(shè)計(jì)測(cè)試問卷,再從訪談?wù){(diào)查中深入了解情況,通過文獻(xiàn)調(diào)查法得到科學(xué)理論的支持,筆者確定本文研究的課題主要包括:1、探討學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)導(dǎo)數(shù)理解障礙的原因。2、對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)化導(dǎo)數(shù)學(xué)習(xí)理解障礙問題進(jìn)行理論與實(shí)踐的研究。3、對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)化導(dǎo)數(shù)理解障礙進(jìn)行案例設(shè)計(jì)研究及研究性活動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)。學(xué)生問卷調(diào)查主要有以下六方面內(nèi)容:(1)個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)導(dǎo)數(shù)的習(xí)慣及經(jīng)驗(yàn)情況(2)個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)導(dǎo)數(shù)在知識(shí)與技能方面的理解(3)個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)導(dǎo)數(shù)在過程與方法方面的獲得情況(4)個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)導(dǎo)數(shù)在情感態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀方面的認(rèn)識(shí)情況(5)個(gè)人對(duì)導(dǎo)數(shù)教學(xué)的要求(6)個(gè)人對(duì)導(dǎo)數(shù)數(shù)學(xué)文化情況的了解。測(cè)試問卷調(diào)查的主要有以下四個(gè)方面內(nèi)容:(1)基礎(chǔ)題型考查導(dǎo)數(shù)的有關(guān)概念(2)高考改編題型考查導(dǎo)數(shù)在函數(shù)中的應(yīng)用(3)課本原題考查生活中的優(yōu)化問題舉例(4)開發(fā)性題型考查導(dǎo)數(shù)的思想方法。本文研究結(jié)論主要有兩大方面,一方面分析得到導(dǎo)致導(dǎo)數(shù)的理解障礙的因素包括數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)科特點(diǎn)及導(dǎo)數(shù)本身的抽象性、高中生認(rèn)識(shí)思維水平發(fā)展特點(diǎn)、教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)的合理性及評(píng)價(jià)模式。另一方面是導(dǎo)數(shù)的理解障礙的策略研究包括對(duì)現(xiàn)行中學(xué)教材分析、導(dǎo)數(shù)概念及符號(hào)、導(dǎo)數(shù)的應(yīng)用、導(dǎo)數(shù)內(nèi)容中關(guān)于德育的教育、積極開展研究性活動(dòng)。本文研究能為高中導(dǎo)數(shù)教學(xué)提供一些參考及借鑒經(jīng)驗(yàn),幫助學(xué)生在了解障礙及克服、突破的理解好導(dǎo)數(shù)內(nèi)容設(shè)計(jì)好教學(xué)案例,并通過研究性活動(dòng),提高學(xué)生動(dòng)手能力和解決問題的能力,并通過活動(dòng)總結(jié)出一些有效的教學(xué)決策經(jīng)驗(yàn)。主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新之處包括四個(gè)方面:1、設(shè)計(jì)的問卷調(diào)查不是簡(jiǎn)單的堆砌,問卷有針對(duì)性地結(jié)合學(xué)生實(shí)際的問題與課標(biāo)的要求設(shè)計(jì)了六方面的內(nèi)容。2、測(cè)試卷的設(shè)計(jì)有很大的參考價(jià)值。從時(shí)間可以看出,測(cè)試問卷完全是對(duì)問卷調(diào)查認(rèn)真分析后才設(shè)計(jì)的,具有很強(qiáng)的可信度;測(cè)試卷的分析從學(xué)生沒有作答、部分作答、作答錯(cuò)誤方面分析,深入了解學(xué)生答和不答的具體情況,為深入研究學(xué)生的理解障礙提供真實(shí)的素材;測(cè)試問卷的試題來源多樣化,題目模式包括基礎(chǔ)題、高考改編題、課本原題、開發(fā)性題,這對(duì)多元化評(píng)價(jià)學(xué)生提供很好的平臺(tái)。3、本案例的研究重視研究性活動(dòng)的開展,并對(duì)研究性活動(dòng)的模式,評(píng)價(jià)的多樣性提供了很好的案例指導(dǎo)。4、本文對(duì)高考中導(dǎo)數(shù)方面的考查,在數(shù)據(jù)方面做了較完整的整理,對(duì)考察的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行深入分析,并提出較好教學(xué)建議。
[Abstract]:Calculus as an elective course in senior high school has become the curriculum content of many countries. The Mathematics Curriculum Standard (experiment) of General Senior High School in China (hereinafter referred to as "Standard"). It emphasizes the essence of derivative concept in calculus teaching and emphasizes the cultivation of students' applied ability and thinking ability. Pay attention to the cultural value of infiltrating mathematics thought method education. This article carries on the questionnaire survey to the high school derivative teaching and learning present situation in combination with the new curriculum standard, according to the questionnaire survey result, from the student's question, designs the test questionnaire. Then from the interview investigation in-depth understanding of the situation, through the literature survey method to get the scientific theory support, the author determined that the subject of this study mainly includes: 1, to explore the students learning derivative understanding obstacles of the reasons .2. The theoretical and practical research on the problem of transforming derivative learning and understanding obstacle. 3. A case study and a research activity design on the obstacle of understanding the transformation derivative. The students' questionnaire survey mainly includes the following six aspects: 1) the habit and experience of personal learning derivative. (2). Understanding of personal Learning Derivatives in terms of knowledge and skills 3) the acquisition of personal Learning Derivatives in process and Methodology 4) personal Learning Derivatives' Cognition of emotional attitudes and values. Personal requirements for derivative Teaching 6) personal knowledge of derivative Mathematics and Culture. The main contents of the test questionnaire are as follows: 1) the basic test questions about the related concepts of derivative. The Application of the Test derivative in the function of the adapted Test Type of the College entrance examination; (3) the method of developing the derivative examination of the original question examination in the life of the original textbook. There are two main aspects in the conclusion of this paper. On the one hand, the author analyzes the factors that lead to the obstacle of understanding derivative, including the characteristics of mathematics subject and the abstraction of derivative itself, and the characteristics of the development of senior high school students' cognitive thinking level. On the other hand, it includes the analysis of current middle school textbooks, the concept and symbol of derivative, the application of derivative, and the education of moral education in derivative content. Active research activities. This study can provide some reference and experience for senior high school derivative teaching, help students to understand obstacles and overcome, breakthrough understanding of derivative content design good teaching cases. And through research activities to improve the ability of students to do and solve problems, and through the activities to sum up some effective experience in teaching decision-making. The main innovations include four aspects: 1. The designed questionnaire is not simply stacked, the questionnaire is targeted to combine the actual problems of students and the requirements of the curriculum design of six aspects of the content of .2. The design of test paper is of great reference value. From the time, we can see that the test questionnaire is completely designed after careful analysis of the questionnaire, which has strong credibility; Analysis of the test paper from the students did not answer, part of the answer, answer error analysis, in-depth understanding of the students answer and not to answer the specific situation, for in-depth study of students understanding obstacles to provide real material; The source of the test questions of the questionnaire is diverse, the topic model includes the basic questions, the adaptation questions of the college entrance examination, the original questions of textbooks, and the developmental questions, which provides a good platform for the diversified evaluation of students. 3. This case study attaches importance to the development of research activities, and provides a good case guidance for the model of research activities and the diversity of evaluation. 4. This paper examines the derivative of college entrance examination. In the aspect of data, the author makes a thorough analysis of the contents of the investigation, and puts forward some better teaching suggestions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：G633.6

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本文編號(hào)：1391288