本文選題：創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育　切入點(diǎn)：大學(xué)生　出處：《山東建筑大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：建設(shè)“創(chuàng)新型國(guó)家”的關(guān)鍵是創(chuàng)新型人才的培養(yǎng)與凝聚。大學(xué)作為高層次創(chuàng)新人才的培養(yǎng)基地,國(guó)家和政府對(duì)高校大學(xué)生的創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育也相應(yīng)地給予了更高程度地重視。近年來(lái),尤其是在“大眾創(chuàng)業(yè),萬(wàn)眾創(chuàng)新”的理念指導(dǎo)下,我國(guó)已將創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育納入到高等教育綜合改革的序列之中,目的就是為國(guó)家培養(yǎng)具有創(chuàng)新精神、創(chuàng)業(yè)能力的高素質(zhì)人才,以提高我國(guó)綜合競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力,實(shí)現(xiàn)建設(shè)“創(chuàng)新型國(guó)家”的戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)。創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育是一種新的教育理念和模式,它著重培養(yǎng)受教育者的創(chuàng)新精神和創(chuàng)業(yè)能力。創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育的理念起源于西方國(guó)家,中國(guó)的創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育萌芽于20世紀(jì)80年代,到了21世紀(jì),中國(guó)的高校才開(kāi)始實(shí)施一系列的教育實(shí)踐活動(dòng),從教育部的高校試點(diǎn)教育開(kāi)始,到2015年后“大眾創(chuàng)業(yè),萬(wàn)眾創(chuàng)新”理念的提出,我國(guó)對(duì)創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育的重視程度已經(jīng)全面上升到國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略的高度。如何在高校中有效的開(kāi)展創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育不僅關(guān)系到新時(shí)期高等教育綜合改革的成敗,而且也關(guān)系到千百萬(wàn)在校大學(xué)生的成長(zhǎng)和未來(lái)。山東省著力發(fā)展高校大學(xué)生創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育的時(shí)間走在全國(guó)其他省份的前列。在山東省政府的大力支持下,一批由大學(xué)主辦、政府資金支持的創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)學(xué)院在山東省的眾多高校中開(kāi)花結(jié)果,取得了很好的效果。本研究主要是以山東省高校的創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育實(shí)踐活動(dòng)為研究對(duì)象,以存在的問(wèn)題為導(dǎo)向,通過(guò)問(wèn)卷調(diào)查、網(wǎng)絡(luò)調(diào)查和訪談的研究方法,對(duì)山東省創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育實(shí)踐進(jìn)行梳理,以期總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn),提出相應(yīng)的對(duì)策與建議,進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)高校創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育實(shí)踐活動(dòng)的健康開(kāi)展。2016年,山東省人民政府在《關(guān)于貫徹國(guó)辦發(fā)36號(hào)文件全面深化高等學(xué)校創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育改革的實(shí)施意見(jiàn)》中明確提出了今后一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的發(fā)展目標(biāo),即山東省要主動(dòng)適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展新常態(tài),加快培養(yǎng)規(guī)模宏大、富有創(chuàng)新精神、勇于投身實(shí)踐的創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)人才隊(duì)伍,為建設(shè)經(jīng)濟(jì)文化強(qiáng)省提供強(qiáng)大的人力資源支撐,力爭(zhēng)到2020年基本形成科學(xué)先進(jìn)、廣泛認(rèn)同、具有山東特色、走在全國(guó)前列的高校創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育體系。本研究主要從以下幾個(gè)方面展開(kāi):首先從馬克思主義哲學(xué)的認(rèn)識(shí)論、實(shí)踐論等角度對(duì)高校的創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育進(jìn)行了重新的闡釋,提出了創(chuàng)新是創(chuàng)業(yè)的原始動(dòng)力,而創(chuàng)業(yè)活動(dòng)是檢驗(yàn)創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育成效的唯一途徑。在創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育中要做到“知行合一”,就必須將理論認(rèn)識(shí)和實(shí)踐活動(dòng)有機(jī)的統(tǒng)一在一起,使之相輔相成,才能更好地完成對(duì)大學(xué)生的創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育。在此認(rèn)識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上,創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育的內(nèi)涵包含三個(gè)層面:(1)創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育是一門(mén)綜合性的應(yīng)用學(xué)科;(2)創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育是素質(zhì)教育;(3)創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育是“知行合一”,二者相輔相成。其次,本文著重分析了國(guó)家政策對(duì)創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育的影響。創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育是國(guó)家級(jí)的戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃,政策的導(dǎo)向是影響創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育的首要因素,國(guó)家大力提倡和扶持是開(kāi)展創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育的先決條件。在對(duì)山東省出臺(tái)的相應(yīng)政策進(jìn)行分析的基礎(chǔ)之上,本文選取14所山東省高校進(jìn)行了網(wǎng)絡(luò)調(diào)查和訪談,初步了解了山東省高校創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r。再次,以山東省高校為例,選取8所高校,采用問(wèn)卷調(diào)查的方式,對(duì)山東省高校創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育實(shí)際情況進(jìn)行了調(diào)查。通過(guò)調(diào)查研究發(fā)現(xiàn):(1)山東省高校的創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育實(shí)踐雖然取得了一定的成績(jī),但從整體而言仍處于起步階段,因此,下一步的目標(biāo)就是全面啟動(dòng),整體推進(jìn),努力做到全覆蓋;(2)山東省高校大學(xué)生進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)的內(nèi)在因素(傳統(tǒng)教育理念和家庭因素影響)大于受教育因素,山東省高校大學(xué)生受外在環(huán)境的影響較大,承擔(dān)創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的信心不足;(3)山東省高校正在積極構(gòu)建創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)的基礎(chǔ)能力建設(shè),具體表現(xiàn)在對(duì)創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)基地和孵化基地的建設(shè)上,制度化和規(guī)范化仍需要進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化和提升;(4)山東省高校尚未形成完備的創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育體系,校內(nèi)教育、實(shí)踐環(huán)境對(duì)大學(xué)生的吸引力不足,課程體系建設(shè)和實(shí)踐能力建設(shè)仍有待提高和加強(qiáng)。十三五期間是山東省高校開(kāi)展創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育的良好契機(jī),從山東省的實(shí)際來(lái)看,山東省高校進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育要從引導(dǎo)轉(zhuǎn)變教育觀念、營(yíng)造良好的創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)環(huán)境、加強(qiáng)學(xué)校教育的導(dǎo)向作用等幾個(gè)方面進(jìn)行加強(qiáng),通過(guò)學(xué)校的教育環(huán)境提升大學(xué)生的創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)能力,為地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展提供合格人才。最后,根據(jù)對(duì)山東省創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育實(shí)踐工作的研究和分析,并結(jié)合國(guó)、內(nèi)外創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育實(shí)踐活動(dòng)的成功案例和成功經(jīng)驗(yàn),提出了促進(jìn)我國(guó)高校創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教育與實(shí)踐發(fā)展的策略和途徑,即主動(dòng)深化人才培養(yǎng)模式的改革、提升基礎(chǔ)能力建設(shè)、完善教育政策體系和服務(wù)體系以及全面融入“大眾創(chuàng)業(yè),萬(wàn)眾創(chuàng)新”的社會(huì)化大環(huán)境等四個(gè)方面的意見(jiàn)和建議。
[Abstract]:Key to the construction of "innovative country" and cultivating innovative talents. The University as a base for training high-level innovative talents, the state and the government on College Students' innovation and entrepreneurship education also gives a high degree of attention. In recent years, especially in the public business, innovation "concept to guide next, our country has the innovation and entrepreneurship education into the sequence of the comprehensive reform of higher education, the purpose is to cultivate high-quality talents with innovative spirit and entrepreneurial ability, to enhance China's comprehensive competitiveness, realize the strategic goal of building innovative country. The innovation and entrepreneurship education is a new educational concept and mode and it focuses on the cultivation of the spirit of innovation and entrepreneurship education. Innovation education concept originated in western countries, Chinese innovative entrepreneurship education emerged in 1980s, to 2 In first Century, China University began a series of educational practice, from the beginning of the pilot of the Ministry of education, 2015 after the public business, put forward the innovation concept, our country attaches great importance to innovation and entrepreneurship education has been fully risen to the height of the national strategy. How to effectively carry out the innovation in Colleges and universities entrepreneurship education is not only related to the comprehensive reform of higher education in the new era of success or failure, but also related to the growth and future of millions of college students. Colleges and universities focus on the development of innovation and entrepreneurship education of college students in Shandong province while in other provinces all over the country in the forefront. In support of the Shandong provincial government, a group sponsored by the University, and innovation and entrepreneurship School of government funds to support many colleges and universities in Shandong Province, and achieved good results. This study is based on innovation and entrepreneurship education in Colleges and universities of Shandong province. Practical activities as the research object, with the problem oriented research methods, through the questionnaire survey, network survey and interview, analyzing Shandong province innovation and entrepreneurship education practice, in order to summarize the experience and lessons, put forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions, to further promote the healthy practice of innovation and entrepreneurship education in Colleges and universities to carry out the.2016, the people's government Shandong province has clearly put forward the future development goals within a period of time in "Document No. 36 on the implementation of the national comprehensive deepening of higher education innovation and entrepreneurship education reform implementation opinions, Shandong province should take the initiative to adapt to the new normal economic development, speeding up the training scale, innovative spirit, the courage to practice the talents of innovation and entrepreneurship and provide strong human resources support for the construction of economic and cultural province, and strive to 2020, forming a scientific and advanced, widely recognized, with the characteristics of Shandong, go in full The system of entrepreneurship education in Colleges and universities in the forefront of innovation. This research mainly from the following aspects: first, from the understanding of Marx's philosophy of innovation and entrepreneurship education in Colleges and universities of the perspective of practice theory explained, put forward the innovation is the original power of entrepreneurship, and entrepreneurship is the only way to test the effectiveness of innovation and entrepreneurship education in innovation and entrepreneurship education to achieve "unity", it must be the theoretical understanding and practice of organic unity together to complement each other, in order to do better on College Students' innovation and entrepreneurship education. On the basis of this understanding, the connotation of innovation and entrepreneurship education includes three aspects: (1) innovation and entrepreneurship education is a comprehensive application of discipline; (2) the innovation and entrepreneurship education is quality education; (3) the innovation and entrepreneurship education is "unity", the two complement each other. Second, this paper focuses on the analysis of the Influence of national policy on innovation and entrepreneurship education. Innovation and entrepreneurship education is a national strategic planning and policy guidance are key factors influencing the innovation and entrepreneurship education, the national advocate and support is a prerequisite for carrying out innovation and entrepreneurship education. On the basis of the analysis on the introduction of Shandong Province, this paper selects the corresponding policy 14 Shandong province conducted online surveys and interviews, a preliminary understanding of the development of innovation and entrepreneurship education in Colleges and universities in Shandong province. Thirdly, universities in Shandong Province as an example, selects 8 universities, with a questionnaire survey, conducted a survey on the actual situation of Shandong province university innovation and Entrepreneurship education. The findings are: (1) Shandong province university innovation and entrepreneurship education practice has made some achievements, but overall is still in the initial stage, therefore, the next step is to start a comprehensive, overall progress, Strive to achieve full coverage; (2) the intrinsic factors of college students in Shandong province for innovation and Entrepreneurship (the influence of traditional education idea and family factors) than education factors, college students in Shandong province are influenced by the external environment, take the risk of innovation lack of confidence; (3) in Shandong Province is actively building innovation foundation capacity building, specifically in the construction of innovation base and base on the institutionalization and standardization still need to further strengthen and enhance; (4) has not yet formed a complete innovation and entrepreneurship education system, school education in Colleges and universities in Shandong Province, attractive practice environment on College Students' lack of curriculum system construction and practice ability construction needs to be improved and strengthened. During the period of 13th Five-Year is a good opportunity to carry out innovation and entrepreneurship education in Colleges and universities of Shandong Province, Shandong Province, from the practical point of view, innovation and Entrepreneurship of colleges and universities in Shandong Province To guide the education from changing the concept of education, to create a favorable environment for innovation and entrepreneurship, strengthen the guiding role of school education from several aspects such as strengthening, through school education environment to improve students' ability of innovation and entrepreneurship, to provide qualified talents for the economic development of the region. Finally, according to the research and analysis of Shandong province innovation and entrepreneurship education practice. And the United Nations, successful cases and successful experience and innovation and entrepreneurship education practice, put forward to promote the strategy and the way of innovation and entrepreneurship education and practice in the development of our country, the initiative to deepen reform of the talent cultivating pattern, enhance infrastructure construction, improve education policy system and service system, fully integrated into the public business, the the innovation of "social environment, opinions and suggestions in four aspects.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：G647.38

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