本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于鮑莫爾非均衡增長模型擴(kuò)展的中國服務(wù)業(yè)成本病研究　出處：《浙江工商大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè) 勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率 生活性服務(wù)業(yè) 鮑莫爾-富克斯

【摘要】：當(dāng)今的世界經(jīng)濟(jì),服務(wù)業(yè)在國民經(jīng)濟(jì)中的地位不斷上升,這主要表現(xiàn)為服務(wù)業(yè)增加值比重以及就業(yè)份額的提升。在中國,服務(wù)業(yè)增加值比重從1978年的24.54%提升至2014年的48.11%,就業(yè)份額從1978年的12.18%上升至2014年的40.60%,服務(wù)業(yè)已成為中國經(jīng)濟(jì)中提升居民生活水平、吸納農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力的重要組成部分。然而中國的服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展水平較發(fā)達(dá)國家水平仍相對落后,產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)不甚協(xié)調(diào),這主要表現(xiàn)為:1.增加值比重偏低,發(fā)達(dá)國家服務(wù)業(yè)產(chǎn)值比重普遍在60%以上,如2013年日本服務(wù)業(yè)增加值比重為72.58%,美國為78.05%,英國為79.21%,德國為68.43%等;2.服務(wù)業(yè)勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率偏低,1978年以來至今,第三產(chǎn)業(yè)與第二產(chǎn)業(yè)勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率相對率始終小于1;3.服務(wù)業(yè)勞動(dòng)力結(jié)構(gòu)性供需失衡,即高技術(shù)人才供不應(yīng)求。因此,研究中國服務(wù)業(yè)總體及其內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)的演進(jìn)趨勢,從定性和定量兩方面分析服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展存在的問題,具有一定的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文從服務(wù)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)入手,通過區(qū)分服務(wù)業(yè)的使用目標(biāo)是最終需求還是中間需求,將服務(wù)業(yè)進(jìn)一步劃分為生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)和生活性服務(wù)業(yè)兩類�？紤]到兩類服務(wù)業(yè)的異質(zhì)性,本文對鮑莫爾的非均衡增長模型進(jìn)行了擴(kuò)展分析,將服務(wù)業(yè)的結(jié)構(gòu)問題引入模型,分別解釋生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)和生活性服務(wù)業(yè)就業(yè)份額的增長率與勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率增長率、價(jià)格彈性、收入彈性等因素之間的聯(lián)系。此外,本文采用1990-2013年中國服務(wù)業(yè)分行業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)及制造業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)對擴(kuò)展后的模型進(jìn)行了實(shí)證。結(jié)果表明,整體服務(wù)業(yè)中的"成本病"主要是由生活性服務(wù)業(yè)的"成本病"導(dǎo)致的。中國生活性服務(wù)業(yè)就業(yè)份額提高的代價(jià)是犧牲勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率增長,且該部門需求價(jià)格彈性和需求收入彈性都很低,這就導(dǎo)致居民對生活性服務(wù)業(yè)的消費(fèi)支出增加,從而容易引導(dǎo)"成本病"問題。而生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)就業(yè)份額的增長并不會(huì)對整體經(jīng)濟(jì)生產(chǎn)率產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響,發(fā)展生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)為解決服務(wù)業(yè)成本病問題提供了一種可能。綜上,服務(wù)業(yè)問題的分析研究不僅要從整體出發(fā),更應(yīng)結(jié)合內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行剖析,分類討論服務(wù)部門對整體經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響。
[Abstract]:In today's world economy, the status of service industry in the national economy is rising, which is mainly manifested in the proportion of value added services and enhance the share of employment. In China, the proportion of the added value increased from 24.54% in 1978 to 48.11% in 2014 service sector employment share increased from 12.18% in 2014 to 40.60% in 1978, the service industry has become improve the living standards of residents China economy, an important part of absorbing rural labor force. However, China service industry development level is the level of the developed countries is still relatively backward, the industrial structure is not harmonious, this is mainly as follows: 1. the proportion of the added value is low, the proportion of service industry in developed countries generally above 60%, as of 2013 the Japanese service industry the proportion of the added value of 72.58%, 78.05% in the United States, 79.21% in Britain, 68.43% in Germany; 2. service industry labor productivity is low, since 1978, the third industry and the second stage of labor The relative rate of labor productivity is always less than 1; 3. labor service industry structural imbalance between supply and demand, high technology talents are in short supply. Therefore, the evolution of the overall trend and the internal structure of Chinese service industry, analyzes the existing problem of the development of the service industry from two aspects of qualitative and quantitative, has certain practical significance. This paper starts from the structure of the service industry. By distinguishing the service industry using the target is the final demand or intermediate demand, service industry will be further divided into productive service industry and service industry. Two kinds of heterogeneity into account two types of service industry, to Baumol's unbalanced growth model this paper analyzes the structure of service industry, the introduction of the model and explain the employment share of producer services and life of service industry growth rate and the growth rate of labor productivity, price elasticity, income elasticity between factors such as the contact. In this paper, 1990-2013 China services industry data and manufacturing data to test the extended model. The results show that the overall service industry in the "cost disease" is mainly composed of a life of service to the "cost disease" caused. Chinese employment share of consumer services to improve the cost labor productivity growth, and the sector demand price elasticity and income elasticity of demand is very low, which leads to consumer spending consumer services increased, so as to guide the "cost disease". Producer service industry employment share growth will not have a negative impact on the overall economic productivity, the development of producer service the industry provides a possibility to solve the problem of service cost disease. To sum up analysis of service industry problems not only starting from the whole, should be integrated with the internal structure analysis, classification discussion service department The impact on the economy as a whole.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江工商大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F719

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