本文關(guān)鍵詞：商業(yè)銀行小微企業(yè)貸款定價模式研究　出處：《安徽大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 小微企業(yè) 貸款定價 定價模式 貸款成本 調(diào)整因素

【摘要】：在現(xiàn)代市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的任何一個時期,小微企業(yè)都是一支不可忽視的生力軍。小微企業(yè)在我國國民經(jīng)濟(jì)中占有舉足輕重的地位,有效地帶動了GDP、稅收和就業(yè)的增長,在轉(zhuǎn)變發(fā)展方式、改善民生、促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)戰(zhàn)略性調(diào)整等多個方面發(fā)揮著不可替代的作用。隨著小微企業(yè)的逐步發(fā)展,對資金的需求也越來越旺盛。然而由于小微企業(yè)資產(chǎn)規(guī)模小、經(jīng)營管理不規(guī)范、財務(wù)制度不健全、經(jīng)營風(fēng)險大等等種種自身原因,商業(yè)銀行在對小微企業(yè)貸款時往往心存顧慮,小微企業(yè)的融資需求遠(yuǎn)未得到滿足,這在很大程度上制約了小微企業(yè)的發(fā)展。另一方面,隨著利率市場化的不斷深入,直接融資市場的快速發(fā)展和所謂的金融脫媒現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn),大企業(yè)不再像以往那樣依賴銀行貸款,商業(yè)銀行在同大客戶的對話中不再處于議價的有利地位,傳統(tǒng)業(yè)務(wù)收益水平日趨下降,商業(yè)銀行主要依靠大客戶的經(jīng)營模式面臨著巨大的挑戰(zhàn),商業(yè)銀行紛紛尋找新的利潤增長點。面對日益激烈的市場競爭,面對國外銀行的進(jìn)入,如何分得小微企業(yè)市場的大塊蛋糕,如何創(chuàng)新貸款定價模式,是商業(yè)銀行需要思考的問題。 本文從貸款定價的基礎(chǔ)理論出發(fā),簡要介紹了利率決定理論、信息不對理論以及信貸風(fēng)險理論,概述了小微企業(yè)和貸款定價機制基本涵義,針對小微信貸的現(xiàn)狀和貸款定價機制存在的一些問題,試圖構(gòu)建適合小微企業(yè)的貸款定價模式。貸款定價的基本模式主要有成本導(dǎo)向型定價、市場導(dǎo)向型定價、客戶導(dǎo)向型定價和基于RAROC的定價,經(jīng)過對這幾種定價模式的比較分析,結(jié)合小微企業(yè)的實際情況,本文提出以成本導(dǎo)向型定價為主、兼顧其他貸款定價方法的貸款定價模式,新的貸款定價模式綜合考慮了貸款基礎(chǔ)成本率、目標(biāo)利潤、風(fēng)險溢價以及調(diào)整因素,隨后用案例證明了其可行性,為商業(yè)銀行貸款定價提供了一個現(xiàn)實選擇。商業(yè)銀行在對貸款定價時不能一成不變,應(yīng)當(dāng)充分考慮客戶、市場和自身的實際情況,并隨著貸款相關(guān)因子的變化而加以調(diào)整�？茖W(xué)有效的貸款定價模式對銀企雙方來說都有利,一方面,在降低風(fēng)險的前提下為商業(yè)銀行帶來了利潤；另一方面,在貸款價格可以接受的前提下為小微企業(yè)帶來了資金,從而推動了經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長。 構(gòu)建一個科學(xué)的貸款定價模式不僅僅要確立貸款定價方法,還需要做很多配套工作。在本文的結(jié)尾,筆者針對我國貸款定價機制存在的問題提出了幾條建議：完善內(nèi)部成本管理體系,建立責(zé)任會計管理制度和精確、合理的內(nèi)部資金轉(zhuǎn)移定價系統(tǒng)；建立客戶綜合效益評價體系和完善的客戶信息系統(tǒng)；建立科學(xué)的風(fēng)險管理體系；建立以客戶為中心的服務(wù)理念；大力引進(jìn)高素質(zhì)專業(yè)金融人才,加強員工的培訓(xùn)和儲備以及加強金融監(jiān)管,創(chuàng)建貸款定價的公平競爭環(huán)境。
[Abstract]:In any period of modern market economy, small and micro enterprises are a new force that can not be ignored. Small and micro enterprises play an important role in the national economy of our country, and effectively drive the GDP. The growth of tax and employment plays an irreplaceable role in changing the mode of development, improving people's livelihood, promoting strategic adjustment of economic structure, etc. With the gradual development of small and micro enterprises. The demand for capital is more and more vigorous. However, due to the small scale of small and micro enterprises, the management is not standardized, the financial system is not perfect, the management risk is large and so on. Commercial banks often have concerns when lending to small and micro enterprises, the financing needs of small and micro enterprises are far from being satisfied, which restricts the development of small and micro enterprises to a great extent. On the other hand. With the deepening of interest rate marketization, the rapid development of direct financing market and the emergence of so-called financial disintermediation, large enterprises no longer rely on bank loans as before. Commercial banks are no longer in the favorable position of bargaining in the dialogue with big customers. The traditional business income level is declining day by day. Commercial banks mainly rely on the business model of big customers is facing a huge challenge. Commercial banks are looking for new profit growth points. In the face of increasingly fierce market competition, facing the entry of foreign banks, how to share the market cake of small and micro enterprises, how to innovate loan pricing model. It is a problem that commercial banks need to think about. Based on the basic theory of loan pricing, this paper briefly introduces the theory of interest rate decision, the theory of information mismatch and the theory of credit risk, and summarizes the basic meaning of small and micro enterprises and loan pricing mechanism. In view of the current situation of micro-credit and some problems in loan pricing mechanism, this paper tries to construct a loan pricing model suitable for small and micro enterprises. The basic models of loan pricing are mainly cost-oriented pricing, market-oriented pricing. Customer oriented pricing and pricing based on RAROC, through the comparative analysis of these pricing models, combined with the actual situation of small and micro enterprises, this paper puts forward the cost-oriented pricing. Considering other loan pricing methods, the new loan pricing model takes into account the loan base cost rate, target profit, risk premium and adjustment factors, and then proves its feasibility by case study. It provides a realistic choice for loan pricing of commercial banks. Commercial banks can not be fixed in the pricing of loans, should fully consider customers, markets and their own actual situation. The scientific and effective loan pricing model is beneficial to both banks and enterprises. On the one hand, it brings profits to commercial banks on the premise of reducing risk. On the other hand, financing for small-and-micro businesses at acceptable loan prices has boosted economic growth. To construct a scientific loan pricing model, we not only need to establish the loan pricing method, but also need to do a lot of supporting work. The author puts forward several suggestions in view of the problems existing in the loan pricing mechanism of our country: perfecting the internal cost management system, establishing the responsibility accounting management system and the accurate and reasonable internal fund transfer pricing system; Establish customer comprehensive benefit evaluation system and perfect customer information system; Establishing a scientific risk management system; Establish a customer-centric service concept; We should make great efforts to introduce high-quality professional financial talents, strengthen staff training and reserve, strengthen financial supervision, and create a fair competitive environment for loan pricing.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F832.4

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