本文選題：寺廟 + 民事主體��； 參考：《甘肅政法學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)高速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),我國(guó)宗教寺廟以及寺廟僧侶在實(shí)際生活中與其他法人、公民發(fā)生越來(lái)越密切的社會(huì)關(guān)系,而無(wú)論是財(cái)產(chǎn)關(guān)系或者侵權(quán)責(zé)任關(guān)系,這些關(guān)系都造成了理論界與司法界的糾紛,這一系列問(wèn)題解決的根本在于立法上賦予我國(guó)寺廟法人什么樣的民事主體地位,我國(guó)現(xiàn)行宗教法律只是賦予宗教團(tuán)體以社團(tuán)法人民事主體地位,但是《中華人民共和國(guó)民法總則》即將在2017年10月1日正式施行,《民法總則》對(duì)我國(guó)寺廟采取非營(yíng)利法人下的社團(tuán)法人與捐助法人的二元主體制。這一法律制度雖然新出臺(tái),但仍有許多不及宗教法人制度之處。本文分用四部分來(lái)闡釋為何要給予我國(guó)寺廟以宗教法人的民事主體地位。通過(guò)民事主體理論的探析,尋求當(dāng)前民事主體概念內(nèi)部的爭(zhēng)論點(diǎn),再通過(guò)《民法通則》與《民法總則》相關(guān)規(guī)定的對(duì)比,揭示我國(guó)寺廟采取捐助法人與社會(huì)團(tuán)體法人二元民事主體地位的優(yōu)劣之處。由于當(dāng)下對(duì)我國(guó)寺廟民事主體更高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的民事保護(hù),是站在前人肩頭的積累與提高,于是縱向梳理我國(guó)寺廟民事主體的歷史地位,以探尋賦予寺廟民事主體做法正當(dāng)性的歷史淵源。著眼于我國(guó)宗教寺廟的現(xiàn)狀,分析出我國(guó)寺廟民事主體現(xiàn)存三大問(wèn)題,分別是寺廟民事主體立法與時(shí)間沖突;寺廟財(cái)產(chǎn)歸屬不清晰;宗教法律規(guī)制體系欠缺。為與世界高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)寺廟保護(hù)法律制度相接軌,進(jìn)行域外橫向?qū)Ρ?分為三種寺廟民事主體立法例:財(cái)團(tuán)法人型、社團(tuán)法人型、宗教法人型,發(fā)現(xiàn)我國(guó)與其他擁有先進(jìn)宗教法律制度國(guó)家的差距,得出針對(duì)我國(guó)寺廟民事主體地位選擇的啟示,即選擇宗教法人,宗教法人不但是妥善解決我國(guó)寺廟法人民事主體這一法律問(wèn)題的必要工具,而且宗教法人制度的立法選擇還能與我國(guó)宗教國(guó)情良好結(jié)合,可以達(dá)到鼓勵(lì)宗教與解決糾紛的雙贏效果,因此,必須明確我國(guó)寺廟宗教法人民事主體地位。
[Abstract]:With the rapid operation of the market economy, religious temples and monasteries in our country have more and more close social relations with other legal persons and citizens in their actual lives, whether they are property relations or tort liability. These relations have resulted in disputes between the theoretical and judicial circles. The fundamental solution to this series of problems lies in what kind of civil subject status is given to the temple legal person in our country by legislation. The current religious laws of our country only give religious organizations the status of civil subject as legal persons of associations. However, the General principles of Civil Law of the people's Republic of China will come into effect on October 1, 2017. Although this legal system is new, but still has many inferior religious legal person system. This article is divided into four parts to explain why temples in our country should be given the status of civil subject as religious legal person. Through the analysis of the theory of civil subject, this paper seeks the internal issues of the concept of civil subject, and then compares the relevant provisions between the General principles of Civil Law and the General principles of Civil Law. This paper reveals the advantages and disadvantages of the dual civil subject status of donation legal person and social organization legal person in temples of our country. As the higher standard of civil protection for the temple civil subject in our country at present is the accumulation and improvement of the predecessor's shoulder, the historical position of the temple civil subject in our country is sorted out longitudinally. In order to explore the historical origin of giving legitimacy to the civil subject of temple. Focusing on the present situation of the religious temples in China, this paper analyzes the three existing problems of the civil subjects of temples in China, namely, the conflicts between the legislation and the time of the civil subjects of temples, the unclear ownership of temple property, and the lack of the system of religious legal regulation. In order to connect with the world's high standard temple protection legal system, it is divided into three kinds of legislation examples of temple civil subject: financial corporation, association legal person, religious legal person, and so on. Find out the gap between China and other countries with advanced religious legal system, and draw inspiration from the choice of civil subject status of temples in China, that is, the choice of religious legal person. The religious legal person is not only the necessary tool to solve the legal problem of the civil subject of the temple legal person in our country, but also the legislative choice of the religious legal person system can be well combined with the religious situation of our country. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the civil subject status of religious legal person of temples in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：甘肅政法學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D923.1

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