【摘要】：未成年人監(jiān)護制度涵蓋對未成年人的保護、監(jiān)督、照料、教育和扶助,是民事法律制度的重要組成,亦是國家法律體系中不可或缺的部分,映現(xiàn)于民法、婚姻家庭法及未成年人保護法等基礎法律制度中,兼具家庭性和社會性,具有獨特的法律屬性。 我國現(xiàn)行法律體系中有關未成年人監(jiān)護的規(guī)定制定于數年前,隨著社會的發(fā)展進步,這些規(guī)定逐漸顯現(xiàn)出簡陋和不足,未成年人監(jiān)護制度的完善即成為符合社會發(fā)展需要的亟待解決的重要問題。本文從未成年人監(jiān)護的定義和社會價值著手,系統(tǒng)分析了我國現(xiàn)行未成年人監(jiān)護制度的法律設計和具體操作,探討了現(xiàn)有規(guī)則的不足,全面思考了應該如何完善未成年人監(jiān)護制度。 本文分為四個部分,第一部分明確了未成年人的范圍,闡述了未成年人監(jiān)護制度的相關概念。通過對未成年人特點的分析,指出未成年人監(jiān)護的特征以及完善未成年人監(jiān)護制度的必要性。同時,采取比較研究的方法,分析對比了我國與其他國家現(xiàn)行未成年人監(jiān)護制度的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系。 本文第二部分通過對案例和數據的分析,指出我國現(xiàn)行未成年人監(jiān)護制度的不足。具體分析了農村留守兒童監(jiān)護缺失、未成年人的父母離異對監(jiān)護權的影響等情形。本部分以事實為依據,對法律的修訂和補充提出了建設性意見。 本文第三部分指出了我國有關未成年人監(jiān)護的立法中所存在的問題。如立法相對滯后、監(jiān)護人法律責任制度不完善、過分倚重親權監(jiān)護、對監(jiān)護行為缺乏有效的監(jiān)督等,通過對這些立法缺漏的分析以期找到解決問題的方法。 本文第四部分針對我國未成年人監(jiān)護制度中存在的缺陷提出了相應的解決方法。包括立法完善監(jiān)護人確立制度、完善父母離異后監(jiān)護權的確立和行使制度、完善指定監(jiān)護制度、建立國家監(jiān)護制度、設立監(jiān)護監(jiān)督制度等。通過對我國現(xiàn)實情況的分析,對比國外立法中先進的制度規(guī)則,逐步找到解決問題的方法。 通過對本論文的寫作,筆者系統(tǒng)分析了我國現(xiàn)有的未成年人監(jiān)護制度,致力探尋構造未成年人監(jiān)護體系的方法,為我國未成年人監(jiān)護立法提出一點建議。呼吁提升我國未成年人監(jiān)護的法治化水平,使未成年人的利益得到最大程度的法律保護。
[Abstract]:The system of guardianship of minors, which covers the protection, supervision, care, education and assistance of minors, is an important component of the civil legal system and an indispensable part of the national legal system, and is reflected in the civil law. Marriage and family law and minor protection law and other basic legal systems, both family and social, with unique legal attributes. The provisions concerning the guardianship of minors in the current legal system of our country were formulated several years ago. With the development of the society, these provisions have gradually appeared to be crude and inadequate. The perfection of juvenile guardianship system has become an important problem to be solved to meet the needs of social development. Starting from the definition and social value of the guardianship of minors, this paper systematically analyzes the legal design and concrete operation of the current system of guardianship of minors in China, and probes into the shortcomings of the existing rules. The author thinks about how to perfect the juvenile guardianship system. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part clarifies the scope of minors and expounds the related concepts of juvenile guardianship system. By analyzing the characteristics of minors, this paper points out the characteristics of minors' guardianship and the necessity of perfecting the system of minors' guardianship. At the same time, the paper analyzes and compares the difference and relation between China and other countries. The second part of this paper points out the deficiency of the current juvenile guardianship system through the analysis of cases and data. This paper analyzes the absence of custody of children left behind in rural areas and the influence of parents divorce on custody. Based on the facts, this part puts forward constructive suggestions on the revision and supplement of the law. The third part of this paper points out the problems existing in the legislation of guardianship of minors in our country. Such as the relative lag of legislation, imperfect legal liability system of guardians, excessive reliance on parental guardianship, lack of effective supervision of guardianship, etc., through the analysis of these legislative gaps in order to find a solution to the problem. The fourth part of this paper puts forward the corresponding solutions to the defects of the juvenile guardianship system in our country. It includes legislation to perfect the establishment system of guardian, the establishment and exercise of guardianship after parental divorce, the establishment of designated guardianship system, the establishment of national guardianship system, and the establishment of guardianship supervision system. By analyzing the actual situation of our country, comparing the advanced system rules in foreign legislation, we can find the solution to the problem step by step. Through the writing of this thesis, the author systematically analyzes the existing guardianship system of minors in our country, and tries to explore the method of constructing the system of minors' guardianship, and puts forward some suggestions for the legislation of minors' guardianship in our country. It calls for raising the level of the rule of law of minors' guardianship in our country, so that the interests of minors can be protected by law to the greatest extent.
【學位授予單位】：大連海事大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D923

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本文編號：2188120