基于公平原則的消費合同法律規(guī)制
發(fā)布時間：2019-07-03 12:05
【摘要】：消費合同是隨著現(xiàn)代社會經(jīng)濟的不斷發(fā)展而衍生出來普遍適用于日常消費的民事交易形式，因此消費合同規(guī)制不但受我國《民法通則》的一般規(guī)制，而且還要受到《合同法》及《消費者權(quán)益保護法》等特別法律的特殊規(guī)制。消費合同因其具有普遍的適用性、簽訂雙方地位的不平衡性、訂立形式的新型化及合同條款的固定化趨向等方面特性，因經(jīng)營者與消費者之間的現(xiàn)實關(guān)系而導致雙方簽訂的合同更容易偏離公平的軌道，損害消費者合法權(quán)益，因此，法律對消費合同進行規(guī)制的重點就應該是構(gòu)建一套有針對性的消費合同公平保障機制。現(xiàn)實生活中，經(jīng)營者利用不公平的消費合同，對消費者的權(quán)益造成損害的現(xiàn)象比較普遍。在消費合同特別規(guī)制問題上，國際上形成了一套較為成熟的規(guī)制模式。這一模式有三個要點：第一是立法的專門化，一些主要國家和地區(qū)制定了專門規(guī)制消費合同的法律；第二，針對現(xiàn)代化的消費交易形式，在德國及我國臺灣地區(qū)確立了反悔權(quán)制度，這一制度突破了傳統(tǒng)的合同解除模式，能夠有效保護新型交易過程中的消費者利益。第三是確立了以行政規(guī)制為主司法救濟為輔的的方式，如英國設(shè)有公平交易局，，是專門處理此問題的機關(guān)；在司法救濟途徑方面，國外有專門的公益訴訟制度確保消費者利益的實現(xiàn)。而我國缺乏專門的立法，行政規(guī)制體制極不健全，司法規(guī)制極其有限，也未確立相關(guān)的反悔權(quán)制度，這對于保護消費者的權(quán)益來說是非常不利的，更深層次的便是不利于維護社會的公平公正大方向，也無法彰顯現(xiàn)代合同法的正義。基于此，筆者認為我國應以公平原則為基礎(chǔ)，借鑒國際法經(jīng)驗，結(jié)合現(xiàn)實狀況，在立法專門化、引進相關(guān)先進制度及綜合規(guī)制方面加大力度，確保消費者權(quán)益的實現(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:Consumption contract is a form of civil transaction which is generally applicable to daily consumption with the continuous development of modern social economy. Therefore, the regulation of consumption contract is not only regulated by the General principles of Civil Law, but also by special laws such as contract Law and Consumer Rights and interests Protection Law. Because of its universal applicability, the imbalance of the status of the two parties, the new form of conclusion and the immobilization trend of the terms of the contract, the contract signed by the two parties is more likely to deviate from the fair track and damage the legitimate rights and interests of consumers because of the realistic relationship between the operator and the consumer. The key point of the law to regulate the consumption contract should be to construct a set of targeted fair guarantee mechanism of the consumption contract. In real life, it is common for operators to damage the rights and interests of consumers by using unfair consumption contracts. On the issue of special regulation of consumption contract, a set of mature regulation mode has been formed in the world. This model has three main points: first, the specialization of legislation, some major countries and regions have formulated laws specifically regulating consumption contracts; second, in view of the modern forms of consumption transactions, the system of anti-repentance rights has been established in Germany and Taiwan, which breaks through the traditional contract termination mode and can effectively protect the interests of consumers in the process of new transactions. The third is to establish a way supplemented by administrative regulation as the main judicial relief, such as the establishment of the Fair Trading Bureau in the United Kingdom, which is the organ specializing in dealing with this problem; in terms of judicial remedies, there is a special public interest litigation system in foreign countries to ensure the realization of consumer interests. However, our country lacks special legislation, the administrative regulation system is extremely imperfect, the judicial regulation is extremely limited, and the relevant repentance right system has not been established, which is very disadvantageous to protect the rights and interests of consumers, and the deeper level is that it is not conducive to maintaining the general direction of fairness and justice of society, nor can it show the justice of modern contract law. Based on this, the author believes that our country should take the principle of fairness as the basis, draw lessons from the experience of international law, combine with the realistic situation, strengthen the efforts in the aspect of legislation specialization, the introduction of relevant advanced system and comprehensive regulation, so as to ensure the realization of consumers' rights and interests.
【學位授予單位】：湘潭大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D923.6;D923.8
本文編號：2509367
[Abstract]:Consumption contract is a form of civil transaction which is generally applicable to daily consumption with the continuous development of modern social economy. Therefore, the regulation of consumption contract is not only regulated by the General principles of Civil Law, but also by special laws such as contract Law and Consumer Rights and interests Protection Law. Because of its universal applicability, the imbalance of the status of the two parties, the new form of conclusion and the immobilization trend of the terms of the contract, the contract signed by the two parties is more likely to deviate from the fair track and damage the legitimate rights and interests of consumers because of the realistic relationship between the operator and the consumer. The key point of the law to regulate the consumption contract should be to construct a set of targeted fair guarantee mechanism of the consumption contract. In real life, it is common for operators to damage the rights and interests of consumers by using unfair consumption contracts. On the issue of special regulation of consumption contract, a set of mature regulation mode has been formed in the world. This model has three main points: first, the specialization of legislation, some major countries and regions have formulated laws specifically regulating consumption contracts; second, in view of the modern forms of consumption transactions, the system of anti-repentance rights has been established in Germany and Taiwan, which breaks through the traditional contract termination mode and can effectively protect the interests of consumers in the process of new transactions. The third is to establish a way supplemented by administrative regulation as the main judicial relief, such as the establishment of the Fair Trading Bureau in the United Kingdom, which is the organ specializing in dealing with this problem; in terms of judicial remedies, there is a special public interest litigation system in foreign countries to ensure the realization of consumer interests. However, our country lacks special legislation, the administrative regulation system is extremely imperfect, the judicial regulation is extremely limited, and the relevant repentance right system has not been established, which is very disadvantageous to protect the rights and interests of consumers, and the deeper level is that it is not conducive to maintaining the general direction of fairness and justice of society, nor can it show the justice of modern contract law. Based on this, the author believes that our country should take the principle of fairness as the basis, draw lessons from the experience of international law, combine with the realistic situation, strengthen the efforts in the aspect of legislation specialization, the introduction of relevant advanced system and comprehensive regulation, so as to ensure the realization of consumers' rights and interests.
【學位授予單位】：湘潭大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D923.6;D923.8
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