【摘要】：合同當(dāng)事人的違約行為導(dǎo)致合同損害賠償?shù)漠a(chǎn)生。合同中的損害賠償制度是我國(guó)合同法對(duì)合同違約救濟(jì)最常運(yùn)用到的一種有效制度。對(duì)于因合同違約而導(dǎo)致的損失，哪些應(yīng)該賠償，，哪些不應(yīng)該賠償，一直是理論界頗具爭(zhēng)議的問題，尤其是合同違約導(dǎo)致的期待利益損失是否應(yīng)當(dāng)給予賠償，在新合同法頒布以前，一直存在爭(zhēng)議；在司法實(shí)踐中，各個(gè)法院對(duì)于類似的合同糾紛處理也不盡相同。新合同法第113條的頒布，使得合同期待利益的損害賠償救濟(jì)有了法律依據(jù)，并且對(duì)于期待利益賠償應(yīng)該遵循的原則也做出了較為明確的規(guī)定。但是，由于新合同法僅在一條中對(duì)期待利益的賠償問題作了規(guī)定，并且也較為概括，在理論界和司法實(shí)踐中仍然存在很多需要具體明確、研究的問題，如期待利益的法律特征、期待利益與相關(guān)概念的區(qū)別、期待利益的構(gòu)成要件、期待利益的內(nèi)容、賠償原則、計(jì)算方法等都值得進(jìn)一步研討、分析。本文便是基于這一想法，而進(jìn)行的思考、寫作。 本文包括以下五個(gè)部分： 第一部分：期待利益的概念、期待利益的法律特征以及其與其他相關(guān)概念的對(duì)比分析。期待利益這一概念來源于英美法系，其學(xué)者將其界定為“由被告的允諾而對(duì)原告所形成的期待價(jià)值”。對(duì)于這一概念，學(xué)者們基本上已經(jīng)達(dá)成共識(shí)。期待利益的法律特征，理論界普遍認(rèn)為有：期待性、現(xiàn)實(shí)性、一定的確定性、可獲得性。 期待利益是合同利益的重要組成部分，其有自身獨(dú)特的法律特征，但在司法實(shí)踐中也易與其他合同利益相混淆，如信賴?yán)�、間接利益、可得利益等。本文著重區(qū)分了期待利益與信賴?yán)�，并從兩者的�?nèi)涵與導(dǎo)致合同損害賠償產(chǎn)生的基礎(chǔ)等方面做了詳細(xì)的辨析。 第二部分：合同損害賠償中期待利益的實(shí)定法及其法理價(jià)值。期待利益是合同利益的重要組成部分，對(duì)期待利益的保護(hù)能夠在很大程度上促進(jìn)一個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)的合同交易安全。因此，在英國(guó)于1854年創(chuàng)立了著名的哈德利訴巴克森戴爾案，確立了期待利益損失賠償范圍以及賠償原則之后，各國(guó)法律都盡相借鑒，并在各自的法律中規(guī)定了期待利益損害賠償?shù)南嚓P(guān)規(guī)則。我國(guó)新合同法也在第113條中做出了對(duì)于期待利益損害賠償?shù)拿鞔_規(guī)定。這樣的規(guī)定也在很大程度上倡導(dǎo)了契約公平與契約正義理念，商業(yè)交易秩序和誠(chéng)實(shí)信用原則也得到了極大的維護(hù)。 第三部分：期待利益損害賠償責(zé)任的構(gòu)成要件。守約方要求違約方承擔(dān)期待利益損害賠償責(zé)任時(shí)，其必須要達(dá)到嚴(yán)格的條件：（1）合同成立且生效；（2）存在違約行為；（3）期待利益受損期待利益必須是合理的、可預(yù)見的；（4）違約行為與損害結(jié)果之間存在因果關(guān)系. 第四部分：期待利益損害賠償?shù)南薅ㄔ瓌t。由于期待利益是將來才會(huì)發(fā)生的利益，因此對(duì)它的賠償范圍，必須要有嚴(yán)格的限制，必須遵循一定的法律原則。其中最為重要的原則之一便是可預(yù)見性規(guī)則，該規(guī)則在預(yù)見主體、時(shí)間、內(nèi)容等方面都有嚴(yán)格的要求。另外，可避免之損失原則、損益同銷原則、合理的確定性規(guī)則對(duì)期待利益的損害賠償也做出了相應(yīng)的限制。 第五部分：期待利益損害賠償?shù)挠?jì)算問題。在司法實(shí)踐中，對(duì)于期待利益損害賠償，面臨最大的困難就是期待利益損失的計(jì)算問題。本文通過分析計(jì)算期待利益損害賠償數(shù)額須遵守的三個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及約定法、參照估算法、推定計(jì)算法等方法，以期對(duì)期待利益損害賠償數(shù)額的計(jì)算困難問題的解決有所助益。 本文對(duì)合同損害賠償中期待利益相關(guān)問題的分析研究，希望對(duì)我國(guó)合同法的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展與完善有所推進(jìn)，也期望對(duì)司法實(shí)踐中困難問題的解決有所幫助。
[Abstract]:The contract party's breach of contract leads to the creation of compensation for contract damage. The system of damages in the contract is an effective system used by China's contract law to remedy the contract breach of contract, which is a controversial issue in the theoretical circle for the loss caused by contract breach, which should be compensated and which should not be compensated. Whether the loss of expected interest due to contract breach should be compensated or not, it has been controversial before the promulgation of the new contract law. In judicial practice, the various courts have different handling of similar contract disputes. The promulgation of the 113rd new contract law makes it legal basis for the compensation relief relief for the expected interests of the contract. As for the principles that should be followed in the expectation of interest compensation, however, because the new contract law only stipulates the compensation for the expected interest in the one article, and is more general, there are still a lot of problems in the theoretical and judicial practice, such as the legal characteristics of expectation of interest, It is based on this idea that this article is based on the thinking and writing of the expectation of the difference between the expectation of interest and the related concepts, the elements of expectation of interest, the content of interest, the principle of compensation, the method of calculation, etc.
This article includes the following five parts:
The first part: the concept of anticipation of interest, the legal characteristics of interest and its comparative analysis with other related concepts. The concept of expectation of interest derives from the Anglo American law system and its scholars define it as the expected value formed by the defendant's promise to the plaintiff. The scholars have basically reached a consensus on this concept. The legal characteristics of expectant interests are generally believed to be expectancy, reality, certainty and availability.
The expected interest is an important part of the contract interests. It has its own unique legal characteristics, but it is also easily confused with other contractual interests in judicial practice, such as trust interest, indirect benefit, and benefit. This article focuses on the distinction between the expected interest and the trust interest, and the basis of the two and the basis of the contract damage compensation. A detailed analysis is made on the other aspects.
The second part: the actual method of anticipation and its legal value in the contract damage compensation. The expectation interest is an important part of the contract interests, and the protection of the expected interest can greatly promote the contract transaction security of a country and the region. Therefore, in 1854, the famous Hadley v. bar DELL case was founded in Britain. After establishing the range of compensation for the loss of interest and the principle of compensation, the laws of all countries have been used for reference, and in their respective laws stipulate the relevant rules for the compensation for interest damage. The new contract law of our country has also made a definite provision for the expectation of compensation for interest damage in the 113rd article. In addition, the commercial transaction order and the principle of good faith have been greatly maintained.
The third part: the constituent elements of the expectation of the liability for damages. The abiding party requires that the party in which the breach of contract assume the liability for compensation for the benefit damage must meet the strict conditions: (1) the contract is established and effective; (2) there is a breach of contract; (3) the expected interest of the loss of interest must be reasonable and foreseeable; (4) breach of contract and (4) There is a causal relationship between the results of the damage.
The fourth part: looking forward to the limited principle of compensation for damages. Because the expected interest is the benefit that will happen in the future, the scope of compensation must be strictly limited and must follow certain legal principles. One of the most important principles is the foreseeable rule, which is in the foreseeable subject, time, content and so on. There are strict requirements. In addition, the principle of avoidable loss, the principle of profit and loss and the principle of sale, and the reasonable determinacy rules have also made the corresponding limitation to the compensation for the damage of the expected interest.
The fifth part: looking forward to the calculation of compensation for damages. In the judicial practice, the biggest difficulty in looking forward to the compensation for interest damage is the calculation of the loss of interest. This paper analyzes and calculates the three standards and the conventions which are expected to be observed in the amount of compensation for interest damage compensation. The law is expected to be helpful to solve the difficult problem of calculating the amount of damages for anticipated interests.
In this paper, the analysis and Research on the related issues in the contract damage compensation are expected to promote the further development and improvement of the contract law in China, and hope to help the solution of the difficult problems in the judicial practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D923.6

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前7條

1 張芳霞;淺析合同期待利益的確定與計(jì)算[J];北京廣播電視大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2005年01期

2 范在峰,張斌;兩大法系違約損害賠償可預(yù)見性規(guī)則比較研究[J];比較法研究;2003年03期

3 趙金龍;損害賠償?shù)南拗埔?guī)則淺探[J];法商研究(中南政法學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào));1997年02期

4 韓勝男;;違約損害賠償中的信賴?yán)婧推诖鎇J];法制與社會(huì);2008年09期

5 曹燕;;合同利益損害賠償制度的法律功能分析——以交易信賴秩序的維護(hù)為核心[J];蘭州學(xué)刊;2006年12期

6 王莉;;非財(cái)產(chǎn)損害的合同法救濟(jì)[J];社會(huì)科學(xué)家;2008年10期

7 羅佳意;;違約損害賠償范圍及確定規(guī)則[J];天府新論;2007年S1期

本文編號(hào)：2174245