本文選題：情勢(shì) + 變更　； 參考：《安徽大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：情勢(shì)變更是指合同成立的客觀基礎(chǔ)發(fā)生了合同成立當(dāng)初無法預(yù)知的情形,使得合同繼續(xù)履行會(huì)侵害一方當(dāng)事人的利益,則允許合同另一方當(dāng)事人變更或者解除合同。情勢(shì)變更原則是現(xiàn)代合同法中的一項(xiàng)基本制度,許多國家已經(jīng)成熟地適用該原則。情勢(shì)變更原則在我國的司法實(shí)務(wù)中早已廣泛適用,而直至2009年,最高人民法院出臺(tái)了《關(guān)于適用中華人民共和國合同法若干問題的解釋(二)》,情勢(shì)變更原則才以司法解釋的形式被正式確認(rèn)。 我國《合同法》在起草過程中曾規(guī)定了情勢(shì)變更原則,但因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)無論在理論認(rèn)識(shí)還是在具體操作中存在眾多分歧,難以達(dá)成統(tǒng)一意見,最后在正式通過的《合同法》沒有予以規(guī)定,成為我國民事立法上的一大憾事。近些年,一些重大突發(fā)事件的出現(xiàn),如“非典”來襲、2008年全球性的金融危機(jī)及“5.12”汶川大地震,再次引起學(xué)界及立法對(duì)情勢(shì)變更制度的密切關(guān)注。我國《合同法司法解釋二》的規(guī)定,解決了法律的空白。但是,對(duì)該規(guī)定在制度安排上仍有待完善,如何判斷情勢(shì)是否構(gòu)成,何為重大變更,以及如何具體適用,這些問題都值得我們深入研究。 本文對(duì)情勢(shì)變更原則的具體問題做了詳細(xì)的梭理,對(duì)大陸、英美兩大法系的相關(guān)立法進(jìn)行了深入研究,在結(jié)合我國的立法現(xiàn)狀及問題的基礎(chǔ)上,意圖借鑒國外的成熟的理論成果和先進(jìn)的實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn),提出完善我國情勢(shì)變更原則的具體想法和建言。 文章第一部分：把研究的對(duì)象進(jìn)行了整理,情勢(shì)變更原則的概念,主要理論和學(xué)說；第二部分：通過考察大陸、英美兩大法系的立法法狀況,分析國外立法的原因及特色,目的是為下一步在我國對(duì)于情勢(shì)變更立法時(shí),提供某些方面幫助；第三部分：分析了我國立法及司法現(xiàn)狀；第四部分：筆者根據(jù)我國立法的現(xiàn)狀,提出了完善的措施。筆者旨在正確認(rèn)識(shí)情勢(shì)變更原則立法必要性的前提下,充分借鑒大陸法系和英美法系關(guān)于情勢(shì)變更原則的研究成果和立法經(jīng)驗(yàn),廣泛吸收學(xué)者先進(jìn)的立法建議,為在民法典中明確情勢(shì)變更原則提供立法對(duì)策。望可以加大情勢(shì)變更原則在司法實(shí)務(wù)中的運(yùn)用,更好的為建設(shè)有中國特色的社會(huì)主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)提供法律保障。
[Abstract]:Situation change refers to the objective basis of contract formation, which is unpredictable at the beginning of contract formation, which makes the contract continue to perform will infringe on the interests of one party, then allow the other party to change or rescind the contract. The principle of change of circumstances is a basic system in modern contract law, which has been applied maturely in many countries. The principle of change of circumstances has long been widely applied in the judicial practice of our country, and until 2009, The Supreme people's Court issued the interpretation of some issues concerning the Application of contract Law of the people's Republic of China (2). The principle of change of circumstances was formally confirmed only in the form of judicial interpretation. During the drafting process of the contract Law of China, the principle of change of circumstances was stipulated, but it was difficult to reach a unified opinion because there were many differences in both the theoretical understanding and the concrete operation at that time. In the end, the contract Law, which was passed, is not stipulated, which is a great pity in the civil legislation of our country. In recent years, the emergence of some major emergencies, such as the "SARS" attack, the 2008 global financial crisis and the "5.12" Wenchuan earthquake, once again aroused the academic and legislative attention to the situation change system. The provisions of the Judicial interpretation of contract Law in our country have solved the blank of the law. However, the system arrangement of this regulation is still to be perfected, how to judge whether the situation is constituted, what is the major change, and how to apply, these problems are worthy of our in-depth study. This paper makes a detailed study on the specific issues of the principle of change of circumstances, and makes a thorough study of the relevant legislation of the mainland and the two major legal systems of the United States and the United States. On the basis of the current legislative situation and problems in our country, This paper intends to draw lessons from the mature theoretical achievements and advanced practical experiences of foreign countries and put forward concrete ideas and suggestions to perfect the principle of situation change in China. The first part of the article: the object of the study, the concept of the principle of change of circumstances, the main theories and doctrines; the second part: through the investigation of the two major legal systems of the mainland, the United States and the United States to analyze the reasons and characteristics of foreign legislation, The purpose is to provide some help for the next step in the legislation of situation change; the third part: the analysis of our legislation and judicial status; the fourth part: according to the current situation of our legislation, the author puts forward some perfect measures. On the premise of correctly understanding the necessity of legislation on the principle of change of circumstances, the author fully draws lessons from the research results and legislative experience of civil law system and common law system on the principle of change of circumstances, and extensively absorbs the advanced legislative suggestions of scholars. To provide legislative countermeasures for clarifying the principle of change of circumstances in the Civil Code. It is hoped that the application of the principle of situation change in judicial practice can be increased, and the legal guarantee for the construction of socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics can be better provided.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D923.6

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