本文選題：信托　切入點：信托受托人　出處：《安徽大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：信托受托人義務是信托制度的重要部分,信義義務是受托人義務的核心,而受托人忠實義務則是信義義務的核心。全國人民代表大會常務委員會通過的《中華人民共和國信托法》(下文簡稱《信托法》)并沒有直接使用"忠實義務"這一名詞,但是從我國《信托法》相關法條規(guī)定的內容來看,信托受托人忠實義務制度在我國《信托法》中還是有跡可循的。關于受托人忠實義務的規(guī)定主要體現(xiàn)在《信托法》的第25條、第26條、第27條和第28條。其中,第25條和26條是對我國信托受托人忠實義務基本內涵的定義,可概括為"最大利益原則"和"不得利用信托財產謀利"兩個方面。第27條和28條是對受托人忠實義務內容的一些具體規(guī)定。除了《信托法》外,《信托公司管理辦法》第24條、第25條、第33條和第34條也對受托人忠實義務進行了規(guī)制。但是,因為我國是成文法國家,不能像英美法系國家一樣適用判例作為判決的依據(jù),且對受托人忠實義務的規(guī)制過于粗糙,存在法律上的漏洞,導致信托受托人違背忠實義務侵害信托財產時有發(fā)生,而利益相關方在信托法領域卻找不到相對應的法律依據(jù)去提起訴訟維護自身利益。從我國的信托實踐發(fā)展來看,我國《信托法》主要存在以下三大點問題:一是忠實義務的基本內涵不全,缺少對利益沖突原則的概括性規(guī)定;二是關于忠實義務的具體判斷標準不具體,雖然我國是成文法不能做到對每一種情形都做出具體的規(guī)定,但是也不能過于簡略,甚至出現(xiàn)法律上的空白。比如,我國《信托法》對受托人利用信托機會獲利沒有規(guī)制,關聯(lián)交易的適用范圍狹窄,受托人與受益人進行的與信托財產無關的交易也缺少必要的規(guī)制;三是受托人違反忠實義務的責任追究制度不完善,雖然我國《信托法》中有規(guī)定受托人違反信托義務應該承擔責任,但是關于請求權的行使主體、方式和具體金額如何確定等都沒有具體且可直接適用的規(guī)定。我國信托制度移植于英美法系,在發(fā)展過程中存在諸多與我國法律體系不相適應的地方,信托受托人忠實義務制度存在的一系列問題也是我國信托制度實踐中存在的問題的縮影,制度的不完善導致我國信托糾紛大多依照合同法規(guī)則來解決,《信托法》名存實亡,信托立法與我國蓬勃發(fā)展的信托業(yè)嚴重不匹配,雖然現(xiàn)在看起來是信托業(yè)是蒸蒸日上,但是,缺少法律制度支撐的信托業(yè),終究是曇花一現(xiàn)�！缎磐蟹ā芬殉雠_15年之久,是時候加強在信托業(yè)發(fā)展方面的立法,我國信托受托人忠實義務制度是保護信托財產免受侵害的重要制度,通過學習英美法系等相關國家的信托法理念和相關制度,再借鑒大陸法系國家較早引進信托制度的發(fā)展經驗,提出符合我國信托發(fā)展實踐的建議,以完善信托受托人忠實義務具體內容和明晰評判標準。另外,對受托人違反忠實義務應具體承擔什么類型的責任,救濟權的歸屬,證明責任的分配以及損害賠償金額等問題做出解答,構建出與忠實義務標準體系相輔相成的忠實義務責任體系。
[Abstract]:The trustee obligation is an important part of the trust system, fiduciary duty is the core obligation of the trustee, the trustee and the duty of loyalty is the core of the fiduciary duty. The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress passed the "People's Republic of China Trust Law (hereinafter referred to as < > > and there is no direct use of the trust law)" fiduciary duty "the term, but from our" Trust Law > the relevant legal provisions of the content, the system of trustee's duty of loyalty or a pattern in our country < > in the trust law. Provisions on the trustee's duty of loyalty is mainly embodied in the "twenty-fifth law", trust twenty-sixth, twenty-seventh and twenty-eighth. Among them, twenty-fifth and the 26 is defined on the trustee's duty of loyalty in China's basic connotation, can be summarized as "best interests principle" and "not to take advantage of the trust property from two aspects. The twenty-seventh and 28 of the trustee in the duty of loyalty Some specific provisions of the content. Besides "the trust law >, < trust management practices > twenty-fourth, twenty-fifth, thirty-third and thirty-fourth of the trustee fiduciary duty under regulation. However, because China is a civil law country, not as common law countries as the case as a judgment basis, and the regulation of the trustee's duty of loyalty is too rough, there is a loophole in the law, leading to the trustee violates the duty of loyalty against the trust property have occurred, and the stakeholders in the field of law but can not find the corresponding legal basis to safeguard their own interests. A lawsuit from the trust practice development of our country, I the < > trust law mainly has the following three problems: one is the basic connotation of the duty of loyalty is not complete, lack of general provisions on the principle of conflict of interest; the two is the specific criteria on the duty of loyalty is not specific, although China Is the statute do not make specific provisions on each kind of situation, but also cannot be too simple, or even gaps in the law. For example, China's "Trust Law > profit no regulation of the trustee trust by chance, the scope of related party transactions is narrow, trustee and beneficiary of the trust property has nothing to do with the transaction also lacks the necessary regulation; three is the trustee for breach of the duty of loyalty of the accountability system is not perfect, although the provisions of the trustee should bear the responsibility of breach of fiduciary duty in our country" trust law ", but on the request of the exercise of the right subject, and how to determine the specific amount of specific provisions and are not directly applicable. Transplantation of China's trust in the common law, the legal system of our country and there are many places that do not suit in the development process, a series of existing system of trustee's duty of loyalty of the problem Is a microcosm of China's trust system existing problems in practice, defects in the system of trust disputes in China are mostly in accordance with the rules of contract law to solve the "trust law, trust law > only, and China's vigorous development of the trust industry does not match the serious, although it now looks like the trust industry is on the upgrade, but the lack of legal support system the trust industry, it is the trust law has been introduced. < > flower briefly as the broad-leaved epiphyllum for 15 years, it is time to strengthen the development of trust in the legislation system of trustee of China's duty of loyalty is an important system to protect the trust property from infringement, through the relevant national legal ideas such as Anglo American law and related systems, and then learn from the development experience civil law countries earlier introduced the trust system, which meet the trust development practice in our country, in order to improve the trustee's duty of loyalty the specific content and clarity In addition, we should give specific answers to the trustees' breach of duty of loyalty, what types of responsibilities they should undertake, the assignment of the right to remedies, the distribution of the burden of proof and the amount of damages, so as to build a loyal duty responsibility system that is complementary to the standard system of loyalty obligation.

【學位授予單位】：安徽大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D922.282

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