本文選題：信托　切入點(diǎn)：信托受托人　出處：《安徽大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：信托受托人義務(wù)是信托制度的重要部分,信義義務(wù)是受托人義務(wù)的核心,而受托人忠實(shí)義務(wù)則是信義義務(wù)的核心。全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)通過的《中華人民共和國(guó)信托法》(下文簡(jiǎn)稱《信托法》)并沒有直接使用"忠實(shí)義務(wù)"這一名詞,但是從我國(guó)《信托法》相關(guān)法條規(guī)定的內(nèi)容來看,信托受托人忠實(shí)義務(wù)制度在我國(guó)《信托法》中還是有跡可循的。關(guān)于受托人忠實(shí)義務(wù)的規(guī)定主要體現(xiàn)在《信托法》的第25條、第26條、第27條和第28條。其中,第25條和26條是對(duì)我國(guó)信托受托人忠實(shí)義務(wù)基本內(nèi)涵的定義,可概括為"最大利益原則"和"不得利用信托財(cái)產(chǎn)謀利"兩個(gè)方面。第27條和28條是對(duì)受托人忠實(shí)義務(wù)內(nèi)容的一些具體規(guī)定。除了《信托法》外,《信托公司管理辦法》第24條、第25條、第33條和第34條也對(duì)受托人忠實(shí)義務(wù)進(jìn)行了規(guī)制。但是,因?yàn)槲覈?guó)是成文法國(guó)家,不能像英美法系國(guó)家一樣適用判例作為判決的依據(jù),且對(duì)受托人忠實(shí)義務(wù)的規(guī)制過于粗糙,存在法律上的漏洞,導(dǎo)致信托受托人違背忠實(shí)義務(wù)侵害信托財(cái)產(chǎn)時(shí)有發(fā)生,而利益相關(guān)方在信托法領(lǐng)域卻找不到相對(duì)應(yīng)的法律依據(jù)去提起訴訟維護(hù)自身利益。從我國(guó)的信托實(shí)踐發(fā)展來看,我國(guó)《信托法》主要存在以下三大點(diǎn)問題:一是忠實(shí)義務(wù)的基本內(nèi)涵不全,缺少對(duì)利益沖突原則的概括性規(guī)定;二是關(guān)于忠實(shí)義務(wù)的具體判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不具體,雖然我國(guó)是成文法不能做到對(duì)每一種情形都做出具體的規(guī)定,但是也不能過于簡(jiǎn)略,甚至出現(xiàn)法律上的空白。比如,我國(guó)《信托法》對(duì)受托人利用信托機(jī)會(huì)獲利沒有規(guī)制,關(guān)聯(lián)交易的適用范圍狹窄,受托人與受益人進(jìn)行的與信托財(cái)產(chǎn)無關(guān)的交易也缺少必要的規(guī)制;三是受托人違反忠實(shí)義務(wù)的責(zé)任追究制度不完善,雖然我國(guó)《信托法》中有規(guī)定受托人違反信托義務(wù)應(yīng)該承擔(dān)責(zé)任,但是關(guān)于請(qǐng)求權(quán)的行使主體、方式和具體金額如何確定等都沒有具體且可直接適用的規(guī)定。我國(guó)信托制度移植于英美法系,在發(fā)展過程中存在諸多與我國(guó)法律體系不相適應(yīng)的地方,信托受托人忠實(shí)義務(wù)制度存在的一系列問題也是我國(guó)信托制度實(shí)踐中存在的問題的縮影,制度的不完善導(dǎo)致我國(guó)信托糾紛大多依照合同法規(guī)則來解決,《信托法》名存實(shí)亡,信托立法與我國(guó)蓬勃發(fā)展的信托業(yè)嚴(yán)重不匹配,雖然現(xiàn)在看起來是信托業(yè)是蒸蒸日上,但是,缺少法律制度支撐的信托業(yè),終究是曇花一現(xiàn)。《信托法》已出臺(tái)15年之久,是時(shí)候加強(qiáng)在信托業(yè)發(fā)展方面的立法,我國(guó)信托受托人忠實(shí)義務(wù)制度是保護(hù)信托財(cái)產(chǎn)免受侵害的重要制度,通過學(xué)習(xí)英美法系等相關(guān)國(guó)家的信托法理念和相關(guān)制度,再借鑒大陸法系國(guó)家較早引進(jìn)信托制度的發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn),提出符合我國(guó)信托發(fā)展實(shí)踐的建議,以完善信托受托人忠實(shí)義務(wù)具體內(nèi)容和明晰評(píng)判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。另外,對(duì)受托人違反忠實(shí)義務(wù)應(yīng)具體承擔(dān)什么類型的責(zé)任,救濟(jì)權(quán)的歸屬,證明責(zé)任的分配以及損害賠償金額等問題做出解答,構(gòu)建出與忠實(shí)義務(wù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系相輔相成的忠實(shí)義務(wù)責(zé)任體系。
[Abstract]:The trustee obligation is an important part of the trust system, fiduciary duty is the core obligation of the trustee, the trustee and the duty of loyalty is the core of the fiduciary duty. The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress passed the "People's Republic of China Trust Law (hereinafter referred to as < > > and there is no direct use of the trust law)" fiduciary duty "the term, but from our" Trust Law > the relevant legal provisions of the content, the system of trustee's duty of loyalty or a pattern in our country < > in the trust law. Provisions on the trustee's duty of loyalty is mainly embodied in the "twenty-fifth law", trust twenty-sixth, twenty-seventh and twenty-eighth. Among them, twenty-fifth and the 26 is defined on the trustee's duty of loyalty in China's basic connotation, can be summarized as "best interests principle" and "not to take advantage of the trust property from two aspects. The twenty-seventh and 28 of the trustee in the duty of loyalty Some specific provisions of the content. Besides "the trust law >, < trust management practices > twenty-fourth, twenty-fifth, thirty-third and thirty-fourth of the trustee fiduciary duty under regulation. However, because China is a civil law country, not as common law countries as the case as a judgment basis, and the regulation of the trustee's duty of loyalty is too rough, there is a loophole in the law, leading to the trustee violates the duty of loyalty against the trust property have occurred, and the stakeholders in the field of law but can not find the corresponding legal basis to safeguard their own interests. A lawsuit from the trust practice development of our country, I the < > trust law mainly has the following three problems: one is the basic connotation of the duty of loyalty is not complete, lack of general provisions on the principle of conflict of interest; the two is the specific criteria on the duty of loyalty is not specific, although China Is the statute do not make specific provisions on each kind of situation, but also cannot be too simple, or even gaps in the law. For example, China's "Trust Law > profit no regulation of the trustee trust by chance, the scope of related party transactions is narrow, trustee and beneficiary of the trust property has nothing to do with the transaction also lacks the necessary regulation; three is the trustee for breach of the duty of loyalty of the accountability system is not perfect, although the provisions of the trustee should bear the responsibility of breach of fiduciary duty in our country" trust law ", but on the request of the exercise of the right subject, and how to determine the specific amount of specific provisions and are not directly applicable. Transplantation of China's trust in the common law, the legal system of our country and there are many places that do not suit in the development process, a series of existing system of trustee's duty of loyalty of the problem Is a microcosm of China's trust system existing problems in practice, defects in the system of trust disputes in China are mostly in accordance with the rules of contract law to solve the "trust law, trust law > only, and China's vigorous development of the trust industry does not match the serious, although it now looks like the trust industry is on the upgrade, but the lack of legal support system the trust industry, it is the trust law has been introduced. < > flower briefly as the broad-leaved epiphyllum for 15 years, it is time to strengthen the development of trust in the legislation system of trustee of China's duty of loyalty is an important system to protect the trust property from infringement, through the relevant national legal ideas such as Anglo American law and related systems, and then learn from the development experience civil law countries earlier introduced the trust system, which meet the trust development practice in our country, in order to improve the trustee's duty of loyalty the specific content and clarity In addition, we should give specific answers to the trustees' breach of duty of loyalty, what types of responsibilities they should undertake, the assignment of the right to remedies, the distribution of the burden of proof and the amount of damages, so as to build a loyal duty responsibility system that is complementary to the standard system of loyalty obligation.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D922.282

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