本文選題：強制締約　切入點：公序良俗　出處：《中國政法大學》2009年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】： 契約自由是古典契約法一切制度的核心。但是契約自由并不代表絕對的自由,如果片面地追求形式上的自由,就會侵害到弱勢群體的利益,違背了契約正義。隨著社會經(jīng)濟的不斷發(fā)展,傳統(tǒng)的契約自由理論不能夠促進經(jīng)濟發(fā)展,反而成為經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的阻礙。近現(xiàn)代民法為了追求契約正義,維護社會整體利益,就需要對契約自由進行限制。 強制締約制度就是為了限制契約自由而產(chǎn)生的,它的目的主要是保護弱勢群體的利益,防止處于壟斷地位的締約當事人利用自身優(yōu)勢侵害相對人的利益。我國實行社會主義市場經(jīng)濟,國家對經(jīng)濟也要進行宏觀調(diào)控,強制締約制度也發(fā)揮了重要的作用。然而我國強制締約制度的立法不是很完善,存在很多缺陷,本文就對強制締約進行初步地探討。 全文除引言、結論外共分三個部分。 第一部分主要從強制締約的理論基礎、廣義與狹義強制締約、強制締約基本類型、強制締約性質(zhì)與強制締約和相關法律概念的區(qū)別這五個方面對強制締約的基本法律理論加以闡述。文章首先介紹了強制締約制度的幾個主要基礎理論。然后對廣義強制締約的概念與狹義強制締約的概念進行了分析。接下來介紹了強制締約制度根據(jù)不同標準,可以進行不同的劃分。再往下介紹了強制締約所具有的獨特性質(zhì)。最后介紹了強制締約與格式合同、強制交易、命令契約等相關概念的區(qū)別。 第二部分主要從強制締約義務的適用以及違反強制締約的法律責任這兩方面對強制締約理論加以闡述。首先,強制締約的適用應當遵守的法律原則主要有:公序良俗原則;誠實信用原則;保護弱勢群體原則;禁止權利濫用原則。其次,強制締約主要適用在以下幾個領域:公用企業(yè)或依法享有獨占地位的經(jīng)營者;醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生領域;保險業(yè)等其他領域。最后,違反強制締約的法律責任主要是民事責任,但也包括行政責任和刑事責任。 第三部分主要從我國強制締約義務的現(xiàn)狀以及如何完善我國強制締約制度這兩方面對強制締約理論加以闡述。首先,介紹了我國強制締約制度的立法現(xiàn)狀,我國法律在公共服務領域;醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生領域;保險等其他領域都對強制締約義務進行了規(guī)定。其次,分析了我國強制締約制度存在哪些立法缺陷,主要有:強制締約義務適用范圍過窄;強制締約適用的條件不明確;受要約人承諾的時間不確定;違反強制締約的法律責任不全面。最后,對完善我國強制締約制度提出了建議:增設關于強制締約的一般性條款;擴大強制締約的適用范圍;明確強制締約適用的條件;明確受要約人做出承諾的時間;完善違反強制締約義務的法律責任規(guī)范。 文章前半部分對強制締約的概念性問題作了介紹與論述,后半部分主要結合案例來分析我國強制締約存在的問題,并提出了相關的建議,以期對我國強制締約制度的理論實踐有所裨益。
[Abstract]:Freedom of contract is the core of all systems of classical contract law, but freedom of contract does not represent absolute freedom. With the development of social economy, the traditional theory of freedom of contract can not promote economic development, on the contrary, it becomes an obstacle to economic development. In order to pursue contractual justice and safeguard the overall interests of society, civil law in modern times has become an obstacle to economic development. There is a need to restrict freedom of contract. The compulsory contracting system is created to restrict the freedom of contract, and its purpose is mainly to protect the interests of the vulnerable groups. To prevent the parties in a monopoly position from using their own advantages to infringe on the interests of the relative persons.China implements a socialist market economy, and the state must also carry out macroeconomic regulation and control over the economy. The compulsory contracting system also plays an important role. However, the legislation of the compulsory contracting system in our country is not very perfect, and there are many defects. This paper makes a preliminary discussion on the compulsory contracting system. In addition to the introduction, the conclusion is divided into three parts. The first part mainly from the theoretical basis of compulsory contracting, broad and narrow compulsory contracting, the basic type of compulsory contracting, The differences between the nature of compulsory contracting and the concepts of compulsory contracting and related legal concepts are discussed in this paper. This paper first introduces several main basic theories of compulsory contracting. The concept of compulsory contracting and the concept of compulsory contracting in narrow sense are analyzed, and then the system of compulsory contracting is introduced according to different standards. In the end, the paper introduces the differences between compulsory contracting and format contract, compulsory transaction, order contract and other related concepts. The second part mainly expounds the theory of compulsory contracting from two aspects: the application of compulsory contracting obligation and the violation of the legal liability of compulsory contracting. Firstly, the application of compulsory contracting should abide by the following legal principles: the principle of public order and good morals; The principle of good faith; the principle of protecting vulnerable groups; the principle of prohibiting abuse of rights. Secondly, compulsory contracting is mainly applicable in the following areas: public enterprises or operators enjoying exclusive status according to law; medical and health field; Finally, the legal liability for breach of compulsory contract is mainly civil liability, but also includes administrative liability and criminal liability. The third part mainly expounds the theory of compulsory contracting from the current situation of compulsory contracting in China and how to perfect the system of compulsory contracting. Firstly, it introduces the current legislative situation of compulsory contracting in our country. In the field of public service, medical and health care, insurance and other fields, the compulsory contracting obligation is stipulated. Secondly, it analyzes the legislative defects of the compulsory contracting system in our country. There are mainly: the scope of application of compulsory contracting obligations is too narrow; the conditions of compulsory contracting are not clear; the time of acceptance by the offeree is uncertain; the legal liability for violating compulsory contracting is not comprehensive. Finally, Some suggestions are put forward to perfect the system of compulsory contracting in our country: to add a general clause on compulsory contracting; to expand the scope of application of compulsory contracting; to make clear the conditions of compulsory contracting; to make clear the time when the offeree makes a commitment; Improve the norms of legal liability for breach of compulsory contracting obligations. The first part of the article introduces and discusses the conceptual issues of compulsory contracting, the latter part mainly analyzes the problems existing in compulsory contracting in China by combining cases, and puts forward some relevant suggestions. It is expected to be beneficial to the theory and practice of compulsory contracting system in our country.
【學位授予單位】：中國政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D923.6

【引證文獻】

相關碩士學位論文 前3條

1 崔洋;強制締約適用的立法問題研究[D];大連理工大學;2010年

2 劉葉群;強制締約義務研究[D];湖南師范大學;2012年

3 劉芳;論強制締約義務[D];遼寧大學;2012年

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本文編號：1591288