中華民國時(shí)期繼承制度研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-13 07:18
【摘要】：中華民國時(shí)期是一個(gè)承前啟后的特殊歷史時(shí)期,在這一時(shí)期,中國傳統(tǒng)的法律價(jià)值觀與近代西方的法律思想發(fā)生了激烈的碰撞。傳統(tǒng)的法律體系逐步瓦解,新的法律體系開始重塑,中國法制開始了近代化的發(fā)展進(jìn)程,這種強(qiáng)烈的互動(dòng)局面在民法領(lǐng)域尤其是婚姻繼承立法領(lǐng)域表現(xiàn)地尤為突出,主要表現(xiàn)為法律移植與固有傳統(tǒng)之間的沖突和立法者在國家法與習(xí)慣法之間的抉擇。繼承法是家族法中與中國固有的傳統(tǒng)觀念聯(lián)系最為緊密的身份法,因此對(duì)繼承法的分析和研究,對(duì)于了解中國民法近代化和揭示中國法制變革的特征具有重要意義。 本文力求完整地描述中國繼承法近代化的全過程,因此將文章共分為五個(gè)部分,第一部分簡要說明了中國傳統(tǒng)繼承制度的概況,具體包括中國的傳統(tǒng)身份繼承制度和中國傳統(tǒng)財(cái)產(chǎn)繼承制度。通過對(duì)歷代繼承制度的描述,為下文描寫清末民初的繼承法變革做好了鋪墊。第二部分則交代了民國時(shí)期的繼承立法背景,包括清末和民國時(shí)期的背景。第三部分則按照時(shí)間順序?qū)γ駠鴷r(shí)期的繼承法草案的發(fā)展過程進(jìn)行了具體的分析說明,包括清末的1911年的《大清民律草案》的繼承編,1925年的北洋政府的繼承法草案、1928年的民國政府的《民國民律草案·繼承編》在內(nèi)的三部草案和1930年的《民國民法典·繼承編》一部法典。在繼承立法具體起草過程中,通過歷次習(xí)慣調(diào)查的結(jié)果、相關(guān)司法判例和解釋例,來分析立法者在處理習(xí)慣法與國家法關(guān)系時(shí)的態(tài)度和法律移植與本土化之間的選擇。第四部分從內(nèi)容和特點(diǎn)角度,對(duì)民國民法典進(jìn)行了具體的分析說明,其中重點(diǎn)關(guān)注男女平等原則的確立、特留分制度、法定繼承制度、遺囑繼承制度和限定繼承制度五個(gè)方面,揭示了立法者在西方法律制度的移植和本土習(xí)慣法之間的艱難抉擇,并通過對(duì)民法典的相關(guān)司法訴狀和判例的分析,來描繪繼承立法的在近代化發(fā)展中的成長軌跡。第五部分是對(duì)民國繼承立法的一些啟示,這部分是對(duì)民國繼承立法近代化的成果的總結(jié)和理論升華,包括法律移植的成因和必要性、國家法與民間法的關(guān)系、大理院的司法實(shí)踐和對(duì)中國現(xiàn)行繼承法的立法意義。 通過對(duì)中國繼承立法由古至今幾千年發(fā)展脈絡(luò)的梳理,并結(jié)合民間習(xí)慣調(diào)查活動(dòng)和司法判例的考察,分析民國時(shí)期繼承立法的演變過程,來揭示我國繼承立法近代化的發(fā)展特點(diǎn)即：通過在法律移植和本土化、國家法與民間法之間尋找契合點(diǎn),為法律近代化發(fā)展服務(wù)。同時(shí)以史為鑒,從法制史角度為現(xiàn)行繼承制度的確立和發(fā)展提供立法參考和實(shí)踐樣本。
[Abstract]:The period of the Republic of China is a special historical period, during which the traditional legal values of China collide fiercely with the legal thought of the modern West. The traditional legal system gradually disintegrates, the new legal system begins to reshape, and the Chinese legal system begins the process of modernization. This strong interactive situation is particularly prominent in the field of civil law, especially in the field of marital inheritance legislation, mainly manifested in the conflict between legal transplantation and inherent tradition and the choice between national law and customary law. Inheritance law is the identity law which is most closely related to the traditional concept inherent in China in family law. Therefore, the analysis and study of inheritance law is of great significance to understand the modernization of Chinese civil law and reveal the characteristics of legal reform in China. This paper tries to describe the whole process of modernization of Chinese inheritance law completely, so the article is divided into five parts. The first part briefly describes the general situation of Chinese traditional inheritance system, including Chinese traditional identity inheritance system and Chinese traditional property inheritance system. Through the description of the inheritance system of the past dynasties, it paves the way for the following description of the inheritance law reform in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. The second part explains the background of succession legislation in the Republic of China, including the background of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. The third part makes a concrete analysis and explanation of the development process of the draft inheritance law in the period of the Republic of China according to the chronological order, including the inheritance of the Qing Dynasty draft Civil Law in 1911, the inheritance Law of the Beiyang Government in 1925, the succession of the Civil Law of the Republic of China in 1928 and the succession of the Civil Code in 1930. In the process of drafting inheritance legislation, through the results of previous customary investigations, relevant judicial cases and interpretation examples, this paper analyzes the attitude of lawmakers in dealing with the relationship between customary law and national law, and the choice between legal transplantation and localization. The fourth part analyzes and explains the civil code from the point of view of content and characteristics, which focuses on the establishment of the principle of equality between men and women, the system of special retention, the system of legal succession, the system of testamentary succession and the system of limited inheritance, reveals the difficult choice between the transplantation of the western legal system and the local customary law, and through the analysis of the relevant judicial pleadings and cases of the civil code, To describe the growth track of inheritance legislation in the development of modernization. The fifth part is some enlightenment to the succession legislation of the Republic of China, which is the summary and theoretical sublimation of the modernization of the succession legislation of the Republic of China, including the causes and necessity of legal transplantation, the relationship between state law and folk law, the judicial practice of Dali Yuan and its legislative significance to the current inheritance law of China. Through combing the development of Chinese inheritance legislation from ancient times to thousands of years, and combining with the investigation of folk custom investigation activities and judicial precedents, this paper analyzes the evolution process of inheritance legislation in the Republic of China, and reveals the development characteristics of the modernization of succession legislation in China, that is, by finding the coincidence point between national law and folk law in the transplantation and localization of law, and serving for the development of legal modernization. At the same time, taking history as a mirror, this paper provides legislative reference and practical samples for the establishment and development of the current inheritance system from the perspective of the history of legal system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D923.5;D929
本文編號(hào)：2498353
[Abstract]:The period of the Republic of China is a special historical period, during which the traditional legal values of China collide fiercely with the legal thought of the modern West. The traditional legal system gradually disintegrates, the new legal system begins to reshape, and the Chinese legal system begins the process of modernization. This strong interactive situation is particularly prominent in the field of civil law, especially in the field of marital inheritance legislation, mainly manifested in the conflict between legal transplantation and inherent tradition and the choice between national law and customary law. Inheritance law is the identity law which is most closely related to the traditional concept inherent in China in family law. Therefore, the analysis and study of inheritance law is of great significance to understand the modernization of Chinese civil law and reveal the characteristics of legal reform in China. This paper tries to describe the whole process of modernization of Chinese inheritance law completely, so the article is divided into five parts. The first part briefly describes the general situation of Chinese traditional inheritance system, including Chinese traditional identity inheritance system and Chinese traditional property inheritance system. Through the description of the inheritance system of the past dynasties, it paves the way for the following description of the inheritance law reform in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. The second part explains the background of succession legislation in the Republic of China, including the background of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. The third part makes a concrete analysis and explanation of the development process of the draft inheritance law in the period of the Republic of China according to the chronological order, including the inheritance of the Qing Dynasty draft Civil Law in 1911, the inheritance Law of the Beiyang Government in 1925, the succession of the Civil Law of the Republic of China in 1928 and the succession of the Civil Code in 1930. In the process of drafting inheritance legislation, through the results of previous customary investigations, relevant judicial cases and interpretation examples, this paper analyzes the attitude of lawmakers in dealing with the relationship between customary law and national law, and the choice between legal transplantation and localization. The fourth part analyzes and explains the civil code from the point of view of content and characteristics, which focuses on the establishment of the principle of equality between men and women, the system of special retention, the system of legal succession, the system of testamentary succession and the system of limited inheritance, reveals the difficult choice between the transplantation of the western legal system and the local customary law, and through the analysis of the relevant judicial pleadings and cases of the civil code, To describe the growth track of inheritance legislation in the development of modernization. The fifth part is some enlightenment to the succession legislation of the Republic of China, which is the summary and theoretical sublimation of the modernization of the succession legislation of the Republic of China, including the causes and necessity of legal transplantation, the relationship between state law and folk law, the judicial practice of Dali Yuan and its legislative significance to the current inheritance law of China. Through combing the development of Chinese inheritance legislation from ancient times to thousands of years, and combining with the investigation of folk custom investigation activities and judicial precedents, this paper analyzes the evolution process of inheritance legislation in the Republic of China, and reveals the development characteristics of the modernization of succession legislation in China, that is, by finding the coincidence point between national law and folk law in the transplantation and localization of law, and serving for the development of legal modernization. At the same time, taking history as a mirror, this paper provides legislative reference and practical samples for the establishment and development of the current inheritance system from the perspective of the history of legal system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D923.5;D929
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