【摘要】：基因歧視是隨著基因科技迅速發(fā)展而產(chǎn)生的新型歧視,是指基于某個(gè)體的基因傾向性對(duì)其本人或與其有遺傳關(guān)系的群體進(jìn)行的歧視。近年來(lái),基因科技取得了巨大進(jìn)展,科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)眾多疾病與基因密切相關(guān),比如纖維性囊腫化、鐮刀型紅血球貧血,都是由基因決定的遺傳病,甚至,連常見(jiàn)的心臟病、高血壓以及一些癌癥都與基因有關(guān)�；驒z測(cè)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,特別是基因芯片技術(shù)的臨床應(yīng)用,使人們?cè)絹?lái)越方便地掌握他人的基因信息。然而,攜帶缺陷基因的人如果其基因被他人所知有可能在就業(yè)、保險(xiǎn)、貸款、教育、戀愛(ài)等方面遭遇歧視。廣東的基因歧視第一案,引起了學(xué)界和司法實(shí)踐界對(duì)就業(yè)中基因歧視的重視。勞動(dòng)者在就業(yè)過(guò)程中受到歧視,不僅勞動(dòng)者自身的利益受損,整個(gè)社會(huì)的運(yùn)行成本也隨之增加。除此之外,保險(xiǎn)領(lǐng)域的基因歧視也開(kāi)始凸現(xiàn),很多人因?yàn)閿y帶缺陷基因而得不到應(yīng)有的保障。無(wú)論是就業(yè)領(lǐng)域還是保險(xiǎn)領(lǐng)域,基因歧視都是對(duì)權(quán)利人基本人權(quán)的侵犯,法律必須為基因權(quán)利人提供維權(quán)的依據(jù),確保每個(gè)人都能平等地享有相應(yīng)的權(quán)利。 目前,美國(guó)、英國(guó)、挪威等國(guó)家和一些國(guó)際組織都出臺(tái)了有關(guān)反基因歧視的法律,內(nèi)容大體涉及保險(xiǎn)和就業(yè)兩個(gè)領(lǐng)域,主要從基因檢測(cè)、基因隱私、基因知情權(quán)等方面進(jìn)行規(guī)制。我國(guó)作為惟一參與人類基因組計(jì)劃的發(fā)展中國(guó)家,應(yīng)當(dāng)積極借鑒他國(guó)的立法經(jīng)驗(yàn),立足本國(guó)的具體情況,對(duì)我國(guó)的反基因歧視做出法律規(guī)定,以維護(hù)我國(guó)公民的基因權(quán)利。
[Abstract]:Genetic discrimination is a new type of discrimination with the rapid development of genetic science and technology. it refers to the discrimination against an individual or a population with genetic relationship based on his or her genetic propensity. In recent years, great progress has been made in genetic technology. Scientists have found that many diseases are closely related to genes, such as fibrous cyst, sickle red blood cell anemia, genetic diseases determined by genes, and even common heart disease. High blood pressure and some cancers are genetically related. The development of gene detection technology, especially the clinical application of gene chip technology, makes it more and more convenient for people to master the gene information of others. However, people with defective genes may experience discrimination in employment, insurance, loans, education, love, etc., if their genes are known to others. The first case of genetic discrimination in Guangdong has attracted the attention of academic and judicial practice to genetic discrimination in employment. Workers are discriminated against in the process of employment, which not only damages the interests of workers themselves, but also increases the operating costs of the whole society. In addition, genetic discrimination in the field of insurance is also beginning to highlight, many people because of carrying defective genes and do not get the protection they deserve. Whether in the field of employment or in the field of insurance, genetic discrimination is a violation of the basic human rights of the rights holders. The law must provide the basis for safeguarding the rights of the genetic rights holders to ensure that everyone can enjoy the corresponding rights on an equal basis. At present, the United States, the United Kingdom, Norway and other countries and some international organizations have promulgated laws on anti-genetic discrimination, which generally involve insurance and employment, mainly from genetic testing and genetic privacy. The right to know of genes and other aspects of regulation. As the only developing country participating in the Human Genome Project, China should actively draw lessons from the legislative experience of other countries, based on the specific situation of our country, make legal provisions on anti-genetic discrimination in our country, in order to safeguard the genetic rights of our citizens.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D920.0

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