【摘要】：在晚清民國(guó)法律變革的過(guò)程中，我國(guó)首次出現(xiàn)了墮胎罪的相關(guān)立法。在修律之前，清代就有關(guān)于墮胎的刑事立法，本文結(jié)合《大清律例》的規(guī)定和《刑案匯覽》收入的相關(guān)成案進(jìn)行了說(shuō)明。當(dāng)時(shí)，墮胎并不獨(dú)立構(gòu)成一種犯罪，而是與通奸、殺人等犯罪緊密聯(lián)系。清末修律開(kāi)始后，墮胎罪成為獨(dú)立的犯罪，立法的內(nèi)容發(fā)生全面的變化。隨著《大清刑律草案》、《修正刑律草案》、《大清現(xiàn)行刑律》、《大清新刑律》的陸續(xù)修訂，墮胎罪的規(guī)定也逐步完善。在此過(guò)程中，墮胎罪立法對(duì)清代的規(guī)定有所發(fā)展，包括對(duì)墮胎罪理論基礎(chǔ)的發(fā)展、罪名和刑罰體系的演進(jìn)和墮胎罪立法內(nèi)容的變化。到了民國(guó)時(shí)期，墮胎罪的立法演變繼續(xù)進(jìn)行。陸續(xù)出臺(tái)的《暫行新刑律》、舊刑法、新刑法對(duì)墮胎罪的規(guī)定作了進(jìn)一步修改。以上刑事法律均得到實(shí)施，各地司法機(jī)關(guān)對(duì)墮胎罪條文的適用產(chǎn)生了疑問(wèn)，對(duì)此，大理院和司法院作了解釋?zhuān)箟櫶プ锏牧⒎ǜ尤妗⒓?xì)致。民國(guó)時(shí)期墮胎罪立法對(duì)清末修律中墮胎罪的規(guī)定同樣有所發(fā)展，包括立法內(nèi)容的顯著變化、法律解釋方式的繼承發(fā)展和立法技術(shù)的日臻成熟。對(duì)墮胎罪的相關(guān)規(guī)定作了敘述后，本文繼續(xù)考察晚清民國(guó)墮胎罪立法發(fā)展的社會(huì)適應(yīng)性。雖然墮胎罪的立法在這兩個(gè)時(shí)期不論在內(nèi)容上還是立法技術(shù)上都有所發(fā)展，，但并未在中國(guó)獲得理想的實(shí)施效果。究其原因，可能有以下幾方面：宗教因素對(duì)墮胎罪立法的限制、經(jīng)濟(jì)因素對(duì)墮胎罪立法的作用、政治因素對(duì)墮胎罪立法的影響、生育節(jié)制等社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)墮胎罪立法的替代作用、婦女自主意識(shí)覺(jué)醒對(duì)墮胎罪立法的制約和道德風(fēng)氣對(duì)墮胎罪立法的阻遏。晚清民國(guó)墮胎罪的立法存在的問(wèn)題有：對(duì)禮法結(jié)合指導(dǎo)思想的背離、在本土理論方面的欠缺和對(duì)社會(huì)需求的忽視。
[Abstract]:In the process of law reform in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, the relevant legislation of abortion crime appeared for the first time in China. There was criminal legislation on abortion in Qing Dynasty before the revision of the law. This article explains the relevant cases of income in combination with the provisions of the Qing Law and the Collection of Criminal cases. At that time, abortion was not an independent crime, but closely related to adultery, homicide and other crimes. At the end of Qing Dynasty, the crime of abortion became an independent crime, and the content of legislation changed completely. Along with the revision of the draft of the Criminal Law of the Qing Dynasty, the draft of the Amendment of the Criminal Law, the present Criminal Law of the Qing Dynasty and the Criminal Law of the Great freshening, the provisions on the crime of abortion have been gradually perfected. In this process, the provisions of abortion crime legislation on Qing Dynasty have been developed, including the development of the theoretical basis of abortion crime, the evolution of the charge and penalty system and the change of the legislative content of abortion crime. During the period of the Republic of China, the legislative evolution of abortion crime continued. The new interim Criminal Law, the old criminal law and the new criminal law have further revised the provisions of abortion crime. All the above criminal laws have been put into practice, and the judicial organs in various places have questioned the application of the provisions on abortion crimes. In view of this, the Dali Institute and the Judicial Institute have made explanations to make the legislation on abortion crimes more comprehensive and meticulous. During the period of the Republic of China, the provisions of abortion crime in the law of the late Qing Dynasty were also developed, including the remarkable changes in the content of the legislation, the inheritance and development of the legal interpretation and the maturation of the legislative techniques. After describing the relevant provisions of abortion crime, this paper continues to investigate the social adaptability of the development of abortion crime legislation in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. Although the legislation of abortion crime has developed in both content and technology in these two periods, it has not achieved the ideal effect in China. The reasons are as follows: the restriction of religious factors on abortion legislation, the role of economic factors in abortion legislation, the influence of political factors on abortion legislation, the substitution role of social movements such as birth control on abortion legislation, etc. The self-consciousness of women restricts the legislation of abortion crime and the moral atmosphere hinders the legislation of abortion crime. The problems in the legislation of abortion crime in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China include the deviation from the guiding ideology of the combination of etiquette and law, the lack of local theory and the neglect of social needs.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院研究生院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D929;D924.3

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