關于福柯“治理術”的法理探析
發(fā)布時間：2019-01-24 19:50
【摘要】：權力問題是法學理論關注和研究的核心問題之一，而�？陋毺氐臋嗔ρ芯恳暯菫閭鹘y(tǒng)的理論法學研究拓展了一些新的理論想象力與智識資源。傳統(tǒng)的法學理論與政治哲學將權力定義為一種本質(zhì)，比附為“利維坦”意志化的實體，福柯稱之為“法權模式”。這種界定根本上是圍繞著統(tǒng)治權定位的政治司法性權力，以法律的形式規(guī)定權力的行使方式與界限，在權力行使的合法性與正當性的基礎上對權力進行法律化的分析。�？抡窃谂幸曰舨妓篂榇淼膫鹘y(tǒng)“法權模式”的基礎上確立自己獨特的權力研究路徑。他主張，必須將權力的研究從傳統(tǒng)“利維坦”模式中解放出來，在法律的統(tǒng)治權和國家制度劃定的領域以外研究權力，摒棄統(tǒng)治權—法律的研究向度。將對權力的研究建立在權力技術的分析之上，將權力技術化，以權力的技術分析取代權力的法律分析。這樣，�？乱浴皺嗔θ绾螌嵺`的”、“權力通過什么樣的技術手段到達權力所欲求的效果”等問題置換了傳統(tǒng)權力理論中“誰擁有權力”或者“權力擁有者的意圖是什么”這之類的本質(zhì)化問題。繼而，�？绿岢隽爽F(xiàn)代社會中兩大權力技術，圍繞身體的規(guī)訓權力技術和人口的調(diào)節(jié)權力技術。它們處于在不同的層面而相互支持，構成現(xiàn)代社會權力機制的兩個序列。 隨著兩種權力的技術的相繼出現(xiàn)，權力作用領域的重心也隨之發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)移。傳統(tǒng)統(tǒng)治權問題通常是統(tǒng)治者權力的保障，領土構成了傳統(tǒng)政治最為基本的意象。傳統(tǒng)統(tǒng)治權的最高權力的典型特征之一就是統(tǒng)治者擁有合法行使生殺予奪的大權。但是，從17世紀開始權力開始負擔起生命的責任。圍繞著身體與人口，權力機制開始規(guī)訓和調(diào)節(jié)，造就一種溫馴而有用的個體與整體�，F(xiàn)代的生命性政治就逐漸顛覆傳統(tǒng)的領土性政治。這不僅僅是一種權力技術的新變化，更為根本的是出現(xiàn)一種全新的權力治理思維，社會治理方式產(chǎn)生了從統(tǒng)治到治理的重要轉(zhuǎn)向。治理術成為一個獨立的領域和一種新的治理思維。在一定意義上講，治理技術的逐漸成熟是統(tǒng)治權力的行使逐漸轉(zhuǎn)向按照經(jīng)濟模式行使權力技術的過程，也是權力實踐逐漸去威嚴化的過程。 �？峦ㄟ^描繪了西方治理術的系譜，展現(xiàn)出治理與統(tǒng)治是兩種根本異質(zhì)性的政治技術與思維方式。�？轮赋觯F(xiàn)代西方的治理權力技術或者稱之為治理術并不來源于古希臘文化中的總體化的政治—法律性權力。它是一種個人化的權力技術，來自于希伯來文明，最早的雛形是牧領權力，經(jīng)過基督教的過渡后轉(zhuǎn)化為規(guī)訓治理技術與調(diào)節(jié)治理技術，，最終形成了現(xiàn)代西方社會的權力結構。
[Abstract]:Power is one of the core issues in the study of legal theory, and Foucault's unique perspective of power research has expanded some new theoretical imagination and intellectual resources for the traditional theoretical study of law. Traditional legal theory and political philosophy define power as a kind of essence, compared with "Leviathan" volitional entity, Foucault calls it "the mode of legal power". This kind of definition basically is the political judicial power which revolves around the ruling power localization, prescribes the power to exercise the way and the limit by the law form, carries on the legal analysis to the power on the basis of the legitimacy and the legitimacy of the power exercise. Foucault established his own unique path of power research on the basis of criticizing Hobbes' traditional mode of legal power. He argued that it is necessary to liberate the study of power from the traditional Leviathan model, to study the power outside the realm of the rule of law and the national system, and to abandon the research direction of the ruling power and the law. The study of power is based on the analysis of power technology, and the technical analysis of power is replaced by the technical analysis of power. In this way, Foucault "how power is put into practice", The question of "who owns the power" or "what is the intention of the power holder" in the traditional power theory has been replaced by the question of "what kind of technical means does the power achieve the desired effect of the power" and so on, and so on the essential question such as "who owns the power" or "what is the intention of the power holder"? Subsequently, Foucault put forward two power technologies in modern society, which revolve around body discipline power technology and population regulation power technology. They support each other at different levels and form two sequences of power mechanisms in modern society. With the emergence of the two kinds of power technology, the center of gravity in the field of power also shifts. The issue of traditional ruling power is usually the guarantee of rulers' power, and territory constitutes the most basic image of traditional politics. One of the typical features of the supreme power of traditional ruling power is that the ruler has the right to exercise life and death legally. However, from the 17 th century, power began to bear the responsibility of life. Around the body and population, the power mechanism began to discipline and regulate, creating a tame and useful individual and whole. Modern life politics gradually subverts the traditional territorial politics. This is not only a new change of power technology, but also a new thinking of power governance. Governance has become an independent field and a new kind of governance thinking. To a certain extent, the maturation of governance technology is the process that the exercise of ruling power turns to exercise power technology according to economic model, and it is also the process of power practice gradually deimposing. Foucault depicts the genealogy of western governance and shows that governance and rule are two fundamental heterogeneous political techniques and modes of thinking. Foucault pointed out that modern western governance techniques, or governance techniques, do not stem from the collectivized political-legal power of ancient Greek culture. It is a kind of individualized power technology, which comes from the Hebrew civilization. The earliest embryonic form is the pastoral power. After the transition of Christianity, it is transformed into the governing technique of discipline and regulation, and finally forms the power structure of the modern western society.
【學位授予單位】：西南政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D90
本文編號：2414790
[Abstract]:Power is one of the core issues in the study of legal theory, and Foucault's unique perspective of power research has expanded some new theoretical imagination and intellectual resources for the traditional theoretical study of law. Traditional legal theory and political philosophy define power as a kind of essence, compared with "Leviathan" volitional entity, Foucault calls it "the mode of legal power". This kind of definition basically is the political judicial power which revolves around the ruling power localization, prescribes the power to exercise the way and the limit by the law form, carries on the legal analysis to the power on the basis of the legitimacy and the legitimacy of the power exercise. Foucault established his own unique path of power research on the basis of criticizing Hobbes' traditional mode of legal power. He argued that it is necessary to liberate the study of power from the traditional Leviathan model, to study the power outside the realm of the rule of law and the national system, and to abandon the research direction of the ruling power and the law. The study of power is based on the analysis of power technology, and the technical analysis of power is replaced by the technical analysis of power. In this way, Foucault "how power is put into practice", The question of "who owns the power" or "what is the intention of the power holder" in the traditional power theory has been replaced by the question of "what kind of technical means does the power achieve the desired effect of the power" and so on, and so on the essential question such as "who owns the power" or "what is the intention of the power holder"? Subsequently, Foucault put forward two power technologies in modern society, which revolve around body discipline power technology and population regulation power technology. They support each other at different levels and form two sequences of power mechanisms in modern society. With the emergence of the two kinds of power technology, the center of gravity in the field of power also shifts. The issue of traditional ruling power is usually the guarantee of rulers' power, and territory constitutes the most basic image of traditional politics. One of the typical features of the supreme power of traditional ruling power is that the ruler has the right to exercise life and death legally. However, from the 17 th century, power began to bear the responsibility of life. Around the body and population, the power mechanism began to discipline and regulate, creating a tame and useful individual and whole. Modern life politics gradually subverts the traditional territorial politics. This is not only a new change of power technology, but also a new thinking of power governance. Governance has become an independent field and a new kind of governance thinking. To a certain extent, the maturation of governance technology is the process that the exercise of ruling power turns to exercise power technology according to economic model, and it is also the process of power practice gradually deimposing. Foucault depicts the genealogy of western governance and shows that governance and rule are two fundamental heterogeneous political techniques and modes of thinking. Foucault pointed out that modern western governance techniques, or governance techniques, do not stem from the collectivized political-legal power of ancient Greek culture. It is a kind of individualized power technology, which comes from the Hebrew civilization. The earliest embryonic form is the pastoral power. After the transition of Christianity, it is transformed into the governing technique of discipline and regulation, and finally forms the power structure of the modern western society.
【學位授予單位】：西南政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D90
【共引文獻】
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