【摘要】：人身搜查作為重要的偵查手段,與公民的自由權、隱私權等憲法性權利密切相關,因此在懲罰犯罪和保障人權兩種價值觀下如何尋求平衡,一個國家的刑事人身搜查制度的規(guī)定十分重要。美國作為英美法系的代表國家,對人身搜查制度的規(guī)定具體而且詳細,尤其在保護人權方面更是十分重視。我國的刑事訴訟法在立法層面對人身搜查制度的規(guī)定不完善,實踐中人身搜查的問題又很多,這不利于偵查機關在打擊犯罪的同時保障人權。本文將介紹中美兩國不同的現(xiàn)行刑事人身搜查制度,并做出比較,對我國的人身搜查制度進行反思,借鑒美國的人身搜查制度的先進可取之處,提出對我國人身搜查制度的改革和完善。 本文的第一部分將對刑事搜查程序進行簡單介紹,包括搜查程序的概念、性質(zhì)以及分類。本文的第二部分將對中國的人身搜查制度的立法和實踐現(xiàn)狀進行介紹,分析并反思其在立法規(guī)定、程序設計、人權保障、司法實踐等方面上存在的不足和不完善之處。本文的第三部分對美國的人身搜查制度進行介紹,介紹其憲法基礎、法律依據(jù)和搜查權來源,并重點對美國人身搜查的具體實施細則進行介紹,尤其是無證搜查和非法搜查的法律后果。本文的第四部分是對中國和美國的人身搜查制度進行比較考察,主要針對搜查的決定機關、搜查的對象、搜查的范圍、無證搜查的情形以及非法搜查的法律后果等方面進行比較,得出二者的在上述方面不同之處以及部分相同之處。本文的最后一部分將對中國的人身搜查制度提出程序、制度上的構想,在借鑒美國完善的人身搜查制度的同時,結(jié)合中國的法律和國情,對我國人身搜查程序、對象、范圍等方面進行具體規(guī)定,使得偵查人員在行使人身搜查權時可以依照完善的法律程序,并對非法搜查的后果進行制裁性規(guī)定。
[Abstract]:As an important investigative technique, personal search is closely related to the constitutional rights of citizens' right to freedom and privacy, so how to strike a balance between punishing crime and safeguarding human rights. The provisions of a country's criminal body search system are very important. As a representative country of Anglo-American law system, the United States has specific and detailed provisions on the system of personal search, especially on the protection of human rights. The criminal procedure law of our country has not perfect the regulation of the personal search system at the legislative level, and there are many problems in the practice of the personal search, which is not conducive to the investigation organ to protect the human rights while cracking down on the crime. This paper will introduce the different criminal personal search systems between China and the United States, and make a comparison, reflect on the personal search system of our country, and draw lessons from the advanced and desirable aspects of the personal search system in the United States. This paper puts forward the reform and perfection of the personal search system in our country. The first part of this paper will briefly introduce the criminal search procedure, including the concept, nature and classification of the search procedure. The second part of this paper will introduce the current situation of legislation and practice of the system of personal search in China, analyze and reflect on its shortcomings and imperfections in the aspects of legislation, procedure design, human rights protection, judicial practice and so on. The third part of this paper introduces the system of personal search in the United States, introduces its constitutional basis, legal basis and the source of the power of search, and focuses on the introduction of the specific implementation details of the personal search in the United States. In particular, the legal consequences of undocumented and illegal searches. The fourth part of this paper is a comparative study of the system of personal search in China and the United States. It mainly focuses on the organs determining the search, the object of the search, and the scope of the search. By comparing the situation of undocumented search and the legal consequences of illegal search, the differences and some similarities between them are obtained. The last part of this paper will put forward the procedure of the personal search system in China, the conception of the system, while drawing lessons from the perfect personal search system in the United States, combining with the laws and conditions of China, the procedure of the personal search in China, the object, Scope and other aspects of specific provisions, so that investigators in the exercise of personal search power can be in accordance with the perfect legal procedures, and illegal search of the consequences of sanctions.
【學位授予單位】：中國政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D925.2;D971.2

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 黃少石;;我國刑事搜查運行狀況的實證分析[J];東方法學;2010年03期

2 陳熙;;對我國刑事搜查若干問題的思考[J];法制與社會;2008年16期

3 莊乾龍;;中美刑事搜查制度比較研究[J];河北公安警察職業(yè)學院學報;2010年01期

4 薛z，

本文編號：2300299