【摘要】：南京國民政府時(shí)期，疫病頻發(fā)，疫死率高，給國家?guī)砹藰O大的危害。伴隨著近代化的加深，經(jīng)濟(jì)交往的增多，引發(fā)疫病的因素也更加復(fù)雜和多樣。隨著對(duì)外交往的增加，經(jīng)濟(jì)與技術(shù)的發(fā)展，人們對(duì)疫病認(rèn)識(shí)逐漸加深，科學(xué)的防治思想也逐步形成。統(tǒng)治者逐漸意識(shí)到，完善而科學(xué)的防疫措施，是應(yīng)對(duì)疫病的有效手段。思想的轉(zhuǎn)變，帶來了立法內(nèi)容上的新變化，種痘、清潔、消毒和隔離等內(nèi)容，開始進(jìn)入防疫立法的范圍。至南京國民政府時(shí)期，衛(wèi)生防疫立法基本得到了深化和完善，形成了較為系統(tǒng)的體系。 本文由引言、正文及結(jié)語組成。引言部分主要介紹研究?jī)r(jià)值、研究現(xiàn)狀和研究方法等問題。正文共分為三大部分，是文章的主體。 正文第一部分主要研究南京國民政府衛(wèi)生防疫立法的背景。我國自古疫病頻發(fā)，迷信的防疫思想和落后的防疫技術(shù)成為國家防疫事務(wù)的最大阻礙，但直到晚清時(shí)期，都并未制定專門的防疫立法，只是在相關(guān)的衛(wèi)生法中對(duì)防疫事項(xiàng)有所規(guī)定，間接起到疫病防治的作用。近代以來，疫病的誘因和特點(diǎn)趨于復(fù)雜，使得防疫工作更加艱難。隨著近代化的加深，西方科學(xué)的防疫思想隨之傳入，催生了我國的近代防疫立法。 正文第二部分綜述南京國民政府衛(wèi)生防疫立法的內(nèi)容。國民政府時(shí)期，政府采取了積極的態(tài)度和措施來應(yīng)對(duì)疫病的防治，加快了國家的防疫建設(shè)，制定了系統(tǒng)的衛(wèi)生防疫法規(guī)。該時(shí)期的立法主要可以分為兩個(gè)階段：第一，1927年至1937年，這一時(shí)期，政府進(jìn)行了集中的立法，制定和頒布了一系列有關(guān)衛(wèi)生防疫事務(wù)的法律規(guī)范，詳細(xì)規(guī)定了疫病防治的各個(gè)方面；第二，1938年至1948年，抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期至南京國民政府末期,這一時(shí)期由于時(shí)局動(dòng)蕩、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)不斷，立法相對(duì)放緩，而出臺(tái)的法律也多是對(duì)衛(wèi)生防疫工作的補(bǔ)充。與以往的立法相比，南京國民政府時(shí)期的衛(wèi)生防疫立法：加強(qiáng)了地方的防疫建設(shè)，細(xì)化了防疫范圍和防疫措施，法律的可操作性更強(qiáng)；防疫立法的重心由治療轉(zhuǎn)為預(yù)防，建立了疫情報(bào)告制度；規(guī)范了防疫人員和醫(yī)療人員的管理，為防疫工作提供了專業(yè)的醫(yī)療后盾；規(guī)定了法定的防疫宣傳和衛(wèi)生宣傳活動(dòng)，普及了科學(xué)的防疫知識(shí)。隨著法律的實(shí)施，，國民政府建立了系統(tǒng)的防疫網(wǎng)絡(luò)，深化和完善了衛(wèi)生防疫法律體系。 第三部分主要研究立法的成效和法律實(shí)施的效果，分析南京國民政府時(shí)期的衛(wèi)生防疫立法對(duì)當(dāng)代立法的借鑒價(jià)值。隨著大量法律的頒布施行，一方面使得疫病的蔓延有所緩和，提高了民眾的防疫意識(shí)、改善了公共衛(wèi)生，在一定程度上減少了疫病帶來的危害；另一方面，由于當(dāng)時(shí)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展緩慢、戰(zhàn)事不斷，再加上醫(yī)療水平落后和自然災(zāi)害等因素，極大的制約了法律的貫徹和實(shí)施。綜合南京國民政府時(shí)期的衛(wèi)生防疫立法，有一些值得當(dāng)代立法的借鑒之處：政府將防疫工作納入衛(wèi)生行政之中，使其有了核心的主導(dǎo)力量；獨(dú)立的衛(wèi)生防疫體系的建立，有效發(fā)揮了法律的效力，推進(jìn)了法律的施行；國家司法權(quán)懲治違法行為，首次確立了防疫法的強(qiáng)制力；將衛(wèi)生宣傳納入法律規(guī)定之中，有效地提高了衛(wèi)生知識(shí)和防疫思想的普及。
[Abstract]:During the period of Nanjing National Government, epidemic diseases occurred frequently and the mortality rate was high, which brought great harm to the country. With the deepening of modernization and the increase of economic exchanges, the factors causing epidemic diseases became more complicated and varied. The rulers gradually realized that perfect and scientific measures for epidemic prevention were effective means for dealing with epidemic diseases. The change of thought brought about new changes in legislative content, such as vaccination, cleaning, disinfection and isolation, and began to enter the scope of epidemic prevention legislation. A more systematic system has been formed.
The introduction mainly introduces the research value, the present research situation and the research method and so on. The main body is divided into three parts, which is the main body of the article.
The first part of the text mainly studies the background of the health and epidemic prevention legislation of the Nanjing National Government. Since ancient times, epidemic diseases have occurred frequently in China, superstitious ideas and backward epidemic prevention technology have become the biggest obstacles to national epidemic prevention. However, until the late Qing Dynasty, there was no special legislation on epidemic prevention, only in the relevant health law on epidemic prevention matters have been regulated. Since modern times, the causes and characteristics of epidemic diseases have become more complex, which makes the work of epidemic prevention more difficult. With the deepening of modernization, western scientific ideas of epidemic prevention have been introduced into China, giving birth to modern epidemic prevention legislation.
The second part of the text summarizes the contents of the legislation on health and epidemic prevention of the Nanjing National Government.During the period of the National Government, the government adopted positive attitude and measures to deal with the prevention and control of epidemic diseases, accelerated the national epidemic prevention construction and formulated systematic laws and regulations on health and epidemic prevention. During this period, the government enacted centralized legislation, formulated and promulgated a series of legal norms on health and epidemic prevention, and specified in detail all aspects of epidemic prevention and control. Second, from 1938 to 1948, during the period from the Anti-Japanese War to the end of the Nanjing National Government, the period was promulgated because of the turbulence of the current situation, the continuous war and the relatively slow down of legislation. Compared with the previous legislation, the health and epidemic prevention legislation during the period of Nanjing National Government strengthened the local epidemic prevention construction, refined the scope of epidemic prevention and epidemic prevention measures, and the operability of the law was stronger. With the implementation of the law, the National Government has established a systematic epidemic prevention network and deepened and improved the legal system of health and epidemic prevention.
The third part mainly studies the effect of legislation and the effect of law implementation, and analyzes the reference value of health and epidemic prevention legislation in Nanjing National Government period to contemporary legislation. On the other hand, the slow economic development, constant wars, backward medical treatment and natural disasters greatly restricted the implementation and implementation of the law. The establishment of an independent health and epidemic prevention system has effectively exerted the effectiveness of the law and promoted the implementation of the law; the state judicial power punishes illegal acts and for the first time establishes the compulsory force of the epidemic prevention law; health publicity has been incorporated into the legal provisions to effectively improve health. The popularization of knowledge and epidemic prevention thought.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D929;D922.16

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