論斯卡利亞的文本原旨主義
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-08 14:12
【摘要】：自美國聯(lián)邦最高法院通過“馬伯里訴麥迪遜”案(Marbury v.Madison)取得憲法解釋權(quán)后,美國司法部門便開啟了通過法律解釋推進美國法治進程的歷史。從某種意義上說,美國的法制史就是美國的憲法史,而美國的憲法史則是美國憲法解釋方法的爭論史。美國的學者、法官及律師從不同的視角出發(fā),對如何解釋憲法這個問題提出了不同的解釋理論。當下呼聲最高的莫過于“原旨主義”(Originalism)與“進化憲法論”(Evolving Constitution)兩種學說。在原旨主義理論內(nèi)部,學者們又基于不同的目的提出了不同的解釋方法論。其中,支持原旨主義理論的大法官安東尼·斯卡利亞(Antonin Scalia)認為:大法官們在解釋憲法時,應(yīng)當從法律文本出發(fā);在法律含義明確時,尊重法律文本表達的明確含義;在法律含義模糊不清時,應(yīng)通過恰當?shù)慕忉尫椒?獲取憲法文本的“原初含義”(original meaning)。隨著美國民主立法的發(fā)展,美國立法機關(guān)頒布了大量的制定法,解釋包含《美國憲法》文本在內(nèi)的法律文本成為大法官們的主要工作。于是,斯卡利亞將他的解釋方法論從憲法文本領(lǐng)域拓展到制定法文本領(lǐng)域,提出了文本原旨主義(Text-Originalism)這一法律解釋方法論。斯卡利亞是多數(shù)民主理論的擁護者,也是嚴格權(quán)力分立的支持者。他推崇形式法治的統(tǒng)治,提倡限制法官的自由裁量權(quán)。他認為法官應(yīng)對法律文本進行合理解釋,從而將法律文本表達的所有含義都包括入內(nèi)。斯卡利亞反對非原旨主義,尤其是進化憲法理論;他反對原旨主義中的“原初意圖”理論(original intention),并以原初含義理論代替羅伯特·博克(Robert Bork)的“原意理解”理論(original understanding)。為對法律文本進行合理解釋,獲得法律文本的原初含義,斯卡利亞整理了一套法律解釋方法。這套法律解釋方法既有指引性的解釋原則,又有具體的解釋方法。作為法學家,斯卡利亞從理論上捍衛(wèi)他的解釋方法論;作為大法官,斯卡利亞通過司法實踐擴大文本原旨主義的影響。斯卡利亞的這種努力,不僅豐富了美國的法律解釋理論及法律解釋實踐,而且對美國法律文化的發(fā)展也有著十分重要的意義。對斯卡利亞的文本原旨主義,國內(nèi)學者已作了較為深入的研究,但仍有諸多不足。為完善國內(nèi)的研究,文章分五個部分對斯卡利亞文本原旨主義作系統(tǒng)論述。第一部分探討斯卡利亞文本原旨主義的理論基礎(chǔ)。主要包括斯卡利亞文本原旨主義解釋理論的提出,該解釋理論依據(jù)的政治哲學基礎(chǔ),以及斯卡利亞對非文本原旨主義方法論的批判。第二部分從解釋原則、解釋方法及其特征三個方面,介紹斯卡利亞文本原旨主義的解釋方法。第三部分通過分析斯卡利亞與勞倫斯·卻伯(Laurence H.Tribe)、羅納德·德沃金(Ronald M.Dworkin)之間對文本原旨主義理論的辯論,展現(xiàn)斯卡利亞對文本原旨主義的理論辯護。第四部分是斯卡利亞對文本原旨主義的司法實踐。這一部選取斯卡利亞對具體案例的觀點闡述及判決推理,論述示斯卡利亞對文本原旨主義的實踐工作。第五部分對斯卡利亞文本原旨主義作綜合評價,分析其缺陷及對其美國法、中國憲法解釋的意義。
[Abstract]:Since the United States Supreme Court obtained the constitutional right to interpret the constitution through the "Marbury v.Madison" case (Marbury v.Madison), the American judicial department opened the history of promoting the process of the rule of law in the United States through legal interpretation. In a sense, the history of the United States is the constitutional history of the United States and the American constitutional history is the interpretation of the constitution of the United States. From different perspectives, American scholars, judges and lawyers put forward different interpretations of the question of how to interpret the constitution. There are no more than two doctrines of "Originalism" and "Evolving Constitution". According to different purposes, different interpretations are put forward. Among them, Antonin Scalia, the grand judge who supports the theory of the original doctrine, thinks that the judges should start from the legal text when they explain the constitution; when the legal meaning is clear, they should respect the clear meaning of the text expression of the law; the legal meaning is blurred. The "original meaning" of the constitutional text (original meaning) should be obtained by the proper method of interpretation. With the development of American democratic legislation, the American legislature has promulgated a large number of formulating laws to explain the legal texts including the constitution of the United States and the main work of the judges. The theory of law extends from the field of constitutional text to the field of legal text, and puts forward the Legal Interpretation Methodology of textual textual doctrine (Text-Originalism). The legal text should be explained in a reasonable way, so that all the meanings of the legal text are included. Scaria objected to the non purport, especially the evolutionary constitution theory; he opposed the original intention theory (original intention), and replaced Robert Bock (Robert Bork) with the original meaning theory. "Original understanding". In order to explain the legal text reasonably and obtain the original meaning of the legal text, Scaria collated a set of legal interpretation methods. This legal interpretation method has both guiding principles and concrete explanations. As a jurist, Scaria defended his solution in theory. The interpretation of methodology; as the chief justice, Scaria expanded the influence of textual criticism through judicial practice. This effort not only enriched the legal interpretation theory and legal interpretation practice of the United States, but also had a very important significance to the development of American legal culture. In order to improve the domestic research, the article is divided into five parts to systematically discuss the essays of the Scalia text. The first part discusses the theoretical basis of the original tenor of the Scaria text, mainly including the original tenor theory of the srkariya text, which is based on the theory of interpretation. The basis of political philosophy, and the critique of Scaria's theory of non textual feminism. The second part introduces the interpretation method of the original tenor in the three aspects of the interpretation principle, the interpretation method and its characteristics. The third part is through the analysis of Scalia and Lauren J Koubo (Laurence), Ronald Dworkin ( Ronald M.Dworkin) a debate between the textual theory of text and the theoretical defence of the textual doctrine of the text. The fourth part is the judicial practice of the textual doctrine of Scaria. The fifth part makes a comprehensive evaluation of Scarlett's textual fundamentalism, analyzes its defects and its significance to the interpretation of American law and Chinese constitution.
【學位授予單位】：西南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D971.2;DD911
[Abstract]:Since the United States Supreme Court obtained the constitutional right to interpret the constitution through the "Marbury v.Madison" case (Marbury v.Madison), the American judicial department opened the history of promoting the process of the rule of law in the United States through legal interpretation. In a sense, the history of the United States is the constitutional history of the United States and the American constitutional history is the interpretation of the constitution of the United States. From different perspectives, American scholars, judges and lawyers put forward different interpretations of the question of how to interpret the constitution. There are no more than two doctrines of "Originalism" and "Evolving Constitution". According to different purposes, different interpretations are put forward. Among them, Antonin Scalia, the grand judge who supports the theory of the original doctrine, thinks that the judges should start from the legal text when they explain the constitution; when the legal meaning is clear, they should respect the clear meaning of the text expression of the law; the legal meaning is blurred. The "original meaning" of the constitutional text (original meaning) should be obtained by the proper method of interpretation. With the development of American democratic legislation, the American legislature has promulgated a large number of formulating laws to explain the legal texts including the constitution of the United States and the main work of the judges. The theory of law extends from the field of constitutional text to the field of legal text, and puts forward the Legal Interpretation Methodology of textual textual doctrine (Text-Originalism). The legal text should be explained in a reasonable way, so that all the meanings of the legal text are included. Scaria objected to the non purport, especially the evolutionary constitution theory; he opposed the original intention theory (original intention), and replaced Robert Bock (Robert Bork) with the original meaning theory. "Original understanding". In order to explain the legal text reasonably and obtain the original meaning of the legal text, Scaria collated a set of legal interpretation methods. This legal interpretation method has both guiding principles and concrete explanations. As a jurist, Scaria defended his solution in theory. The interpretation of methodology; as the chief justice, Scaria expanded the influence of textual criticism through judicial practice. This effort not only enriched the legal interpretation theory and legal interpretation practice of the United States, but also had a very important significance to the development of American legal culture. In order to improve the domestic research, the article is divided into five parts to systematically discuss the essays of the Scalia text. The first part discusses the theoretical basis of the original tenor of the Scaria text, mainly including the original tenor theory of the srkariya text, which is based on the theory of interpretation. The basis of political philosophy, and the critique of Scaria's theory of non textual feminism. The second part introduces the interpretation method of the original tenor in the three aspects of the interpretation principle, the interpretation method and its characteristics. The third part is through the analysis of Scalia and Lauren J Koubo (Laurence), Ronald Dworkin ( Ronald M.Dworkin) a debate between the textual theory of text and the theoretical defence of the textual doctrine of the text. The fourth part is the judicial practice of the textual doctrine of Scaria. The fifth part makes a comprehensive evaluation of Scarlett's textual fundamentalism, analyzes its defects and its significance to the interpretation of American law and Chinese constitution.
【學位授予單位】：西南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D971.2;DD911
【參考文獻】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 黃明慧;;美國憲法解釋的文本主義之評析[J];學術(shù)界;2016年07期
2 田雷;;揭開美國最高法院的面紗[J];紅旗文稿;2016年10期
3 閻天;;社會運動與憲法變遷:以美國為樣本的考察[J];華東政法大學學報;2015年03期
4 田雷;;憲法穿越時間:為什么?如何可能? 來自美國的經(jīng)驗[J];中外法學;2015年02期
5 孫光寧;;憲法解釋方法的兩種傳統(tǒng)及其啟示[J];北方法學;2014年04期
6 劉，
本文編號：2172042
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/falvlunwen/falilunwen/2172042.html
