本文選題：私證 + 中人　； 參考：《西南政法大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：公證，，是與私證相對而言的。公證是由國家公證機關(guān)作證明，私證則是私人作見證人，二者的效力和權(quán)威自然有別。在人類社會漫長的歷史上，私證已有幾千年的歷史，至今尚在民間廣泛流行。 私證在歷史上有過一定的作用，但畢竟是有缺陷的。有些見證人不懂法律，加上封建思想作怪，往往參與證明違法契約而不自知。私證在很多情況下難以保護當事人的合法權(quán)益，起不到預(yù)防糾紛的作用，何況有的中人還因某些原因不“居中”反偏私，故而“中證”不一定公正，另外由于人還受到壽命的限制，一些遠年契約鬧糾紛時，見證人多已去世，使之成為“死無對證”，這些都是私證無法克服的缺陷。 鑒于私證的許多不足之處，現(xiàn)今世界各國都先后實行公證制度。公證由國家公證機關(guān)作出證明，公證機關(guān)代表國家行使公證權(quán)，其他國家機關(guān)則不具有這種功能。特別是關(guān)于涉外的證明，國外有關(guān)機關(guān)只認出證國公證機構(gòu)的印章，沒有經(jīng)過公證的有關(guān)文件，就不能在域外發(fā)生法律效力。它并不像私證一樣，當事人想辦什么就證明什么，它既要根據(jù)當事人的申請，由當事人提出相關(guān)證據(jù)說明，又要根據(jù)國家的法律規(guī)定，依照法定程序辦理具體的公證事項。最后，辦理公證是極為嚴肅認真的，為審查申請公證的法律行為、文書和事實是否真實、合法，必要時還要進行調(diào)查，以便弄清有關(guān)情況。 從南京國民政府時期開始，我國有了真正意義上的公證法，其制訂在效仿西方先進法律制度規(guī)定的同時，還融合了我國自己的特色。此制度的推行，有效維護了當時的社會安定，尤其是在抗日戰(zhàn)爭的大形勢之下，為穩(wěn)定戰(zhàn)時大后方的秩序做了巨大貢獻。本文試從南京國民政府時期公證法規(guī)的內(nèi)容、原則等各方面分析，結(jié)合一些案例，對國民政府時期推行公證制度的一些可行性做法進行探討。 公證制度是國家的一項重要的法律制度。創(chuàng)立這一制度的目的在于預(yù)防糾紛，減少訴訟，促進經(jīng)濟和社會的交往，保護當事人的合法權(quán)益。因此，近代各國都十分注意運用公證制度維護經(jīng)濟和社會秩序。一個國家公證制度的健全與否和實施應(yīng)用情況，直接關(guān)系到社會和經(jīng)濟的穩(wěn)定狀況。我國是社會主義國家，應(yīng)該更加注重運用公證制度來維護經(jīng)濟和社會秩序，維護國家、集體的利益和公民的合法權(quán)益。所以，對南京國民政府時期公證制度及其具體實施中的優(yōu)異之處進行學習和借鑒，意義重大。
[Abstract]:Notarization is relative to private attestation. Notarization is certified by the national notary office, and private certificate is private witness. The effectiveness and authority of the two are naturally different. In the long history of human society, private testimony has a history of several thousand years, and is still popular among the people. Private evidence has played a role in history, but it is flawed after all. Some witnesses do not understand the law, coupled with feudal ideas, often involved in proving illegal contracts without knowing. In many cases, it is difficult to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the parties concerned, and it does not play a role in preventing disputes. Moreover, some Chinese people do not "center" or bias against private interests for some reasons, so "Chinese certificates" are not necessarily fair. In addition, due to the limitation of life span, most of the witnesses have passed away, which makes them become "dead without proof". These are the defects that can not be overcome by private evidence. In view of the many shortcomings of private certificates, countries in the world have implemented the system of notarization successively. Notarization is certified by the national notary organ, which exercises notarization power on behalf of the state, but other state organs do not have this function. Especially with regard to the proof concerning foreign affairs, the relevant foreign authorities only recognize the seal of the notarization agency of the certifying state, and without the relevant notarized documents, they cannot have the legal effect outside the territory. It is not like private evidence, the parties want to do anything to prove what, it should be based on the application of the parties, by the parties to put forward relevant evidence to explain, but also according to the laws of the country, in accordance with the legal procedures to deal with specific notarization matters. Finally, notarization is very serious, in order to examine the legal act of applying for notarization, the documents and facts are true and legal, and if necessary, an investigation should be carried out in order to ascertain the relevant circumstances. Since the period of Nanjing National Government, our country has had the notarization law in the true sense, its formulation not only imitates the western advanced legal system stipulation, but also merges our own characteristic. The implementation of this system effectively maintained the social stability at that time, especially under the great situation of the War of Resistance against Japan, and made great contributions to the stability of the order in the rear area during the war of war. This paper tries to analyze the contents and principles of the notarization laws and regulations of the Nanjing National Government, and discusses some feasible ways of carrying out the notarization system in the period of the Nanjing National Government in the light of some cases. Notarization system is an important legal system of the country. The purpose of this system is to prevent disputes, reduce litigation, promote economic and social exchanges, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of the parties. Therefore, modern countries pay great attention to the use of notarization system to maintain economic and social order. Whether a country's notarization system is sound or not and its application is directly related to the social and economic stability. As a socialist country, China should pay more attention to the use of notarization system to maintain economic and social order, to safeguard the national and collective interests and the legitimate rights and interests of citizens. Therefore, it is of great significance to study and learn from the notarization system of Nanjing National Government and its specific implementation.
【學位授予單位】：西南政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D929

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本文編號：2106461