本文選題：清代 + 宗祧繼承�。� 參考：《鄭州大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：自從西周時(shí)期建立了宗法制度,立嗣繼承就作為社會(huì)習(xí)俗登上了歷史舞臺(tái),最初是為了保證貴族家庭的身份繼承問(wèn)題。立嗣的出現(xiàn)起到了維護(hù)貴族大家庭等級(jí)制度的作用。 秦漢以后,古老的世襲貴族統(tǒng)治秩序崩潰了。宗族散盡,人人各自為宗,作為宗祧繼承保障手段的立嗣繼承深入到所有百姓家庭,無(wú)論大宗、小宗都可以通過(guò)立嗣的方式來(lái)解決宗祧繼承問(wèn)題。在中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的立嗣繼承制度中,選立的嗣子必須是同宗昭穆相當(dāng)之人且不準(zhǔn)收養(yǎng)異姓為嗣是一個(gè)基本原則。自唐律第一次將“立嫡違法”作為律文寫入國(guó)家大法之后,立嗣繼承的內(nèi)容就成為國(guó)家成文法典關(guān)注的對(duì)象,以后的各王朝基本都有不同的補(bǔ)充,到清王朝時(shí)達(dá)到了相當(dāng)完備的程度。 在清代,如果一個(gè)家庭沒(méi)有男性后代,通常情況下就是通過(guò)立嗣來(lái)確保家庭的宗祧繼承。但在實(shí)踐中,這一情況是極為復(fù)雜的,國(guó)家法律與社會(huì)習(xí)俗之間的相互影響和作用,使清代的立嗣繼承呈現(xiàn)出千姿百態(tài)的面貌。本文對(duì)清代立嗣繼承宗祧這一現(xiàn)象的描述和分析,希望能全面、真實(shí)地展現(xiàn)出清代立嗣繼承的全景。 在引言部分,主要交代了課題的選擇和意義,解決了有關(guān)立嗣繼承的相關(guān)問(wèn)題,以便后文直接對(duì)清代立嗣繼承制度展開(kāi)論述,并回顧了與清代立嗣相關(guān)的學(xué)術(shù)研究。 在文章正文第一部分,首先對(duì)清代立嗣繼承制度進(jìn)行了全面的介紹。從有關(guān)立嗣繼承的法律規(guī)定到立嗣繼承的內(nèi)容和方式,其系統(tǒng)化和完備化程度可見(jiàn)一斑。 第二部分重點(diǎn)對(duì)清代立嗣主體與立嗣對(duì)象的相關(guān)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了研究,并對(duì)清代的異性繼承問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了全方位的考察。 第三部分是從實(shí)踐中具體的立嗣繼承判例入手,揭示出國(guó)家成文法律與民間習(xí)俗之間的互動(dòng)關(guān)系。清代的立嗣繼承法律的制定是逐漸調(diào)整和不斷完善的過(guò)程,在這一過(guò)程中地方官的司法實(shí)踐起了推動(dòng)作用。通過(guò)法律與民間習(xí)俗的互動(dòng)使得清代關(guān)于立嗣繼承的法律達(dá)到了最完備的程度。 第四部分對(duì)清代立嗣繼承法律對(duì)后世的影響進(jìn)行了分析。它對(duì)清末民初的兩次民律草案和南京國(guó)民政府時(shí)期有關(guān)立嗣繼承的立法產(chǎn)生了深刻的影響。 結(jié)語(yǔ)部分就立嗣繼承的重要意義進(jìn)行了歸納總結(jié),并揭示出現(xiàn)代社會(huì)法律與社會(huì)習(xí)俗的良性互動(dòng)依然具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:Since the establishment of patriarchal clan system in the Western Zhou Dynasty, the inheritance of heir as a social custom ascended the stage of history, initially to ensure the status inheritance of the aristocratic family. The appearance of heir played a role in the maintenance of the aristocratic family hierarchy. After the Qin and Han dynasties, the ancient hereditary aristocracy broke down. Clan scattered, everyone for each of the clan, as a means of clan inheritance protection means of inheritance to all people's families, regardless of the bulk, the small clan can be through the way of heirs to solve the issue of inheritance of the clan. In the traditional Chinese system of heir succession, it is a basic principle that the elected heir must be of the same lineage and be not allowed to adopt a different surname as an heir. Since the Tang Dynasty first wrote "the law against the law" as a legal document, the content of the inheritance of the heir has become the object of concern in the National document Code, and the later dynasties basically have different supplements. By the time of the Qing Dynasty, it was quite complete. In the Qing Dynasty, if a family had no male offspring, it was usually through heirs to ensure the inheritance of the clan. However, in practice, this situation is extremely complex, the national laws and social customs of the interaction and role, so that the succession of the Qing Dynasty presents a variety of features. This paper describes and analyzes the phenomenon of heir succession in Qing Dynasty, hoping to show the panorama of succession of heir in Qing Dynasty. In the preface part, it mainly explains the choice and significance of the subject, solves the related problems about the succession of the heir, so as to discuss directly the inheritance system of the Qing Dynasty, and reviews the academic research related to the succession of the heir in the Qing Dynasty. In the first part of the article, the inheritance system of the Qing Dynasty is introduced. The degree of systematization and perfection can be seen from the legal provisions on heir succession to the contents and methods of succession. The second part focuses on the Qing Dynasty heirs and the object of the relevant issues, and the issue of heterosexual inheritance in the Qing Dynasty has been comprehensively investigated. The third part reveals the interactive relationship between national written law and folk customs. The enactment of inheritance law in Qing Dynasty was a process of gradual adjustment and continuous improvement, in which the judicial practice of local officials played a driving role. Through the interaction of law and folk custom, the law on inheritance of heir in Qing Dynasty reached the most complete degree. The fourth part analyzes the influence of inheritance law of Qing Dynasty on later generations. It had a profound influence on the two drafts of the people's Law in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China and the legislation on the succession of heirs during the period of Nanjing National Government. The conclusion part summarizes the significance of inheritance, and reveals that the positive interaction between modern social law and social customs is still of great significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D929;D923

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本文編號(hào)：2040456