發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-19 14:22

  本文選題：家產(chǎn) + 繼承權(quán)　； 參考：《河南大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：唐宋是我國(guó)古代社會(huì)比較發(fā)達(dá)的時(shí)期，與之相應(yīng)，其繼承制度也日臻完善。家產(chǎn)均分繼承是中國(guó)封建社會(huì)最基本的繼承原則，到了唐代它被引入法律，宋襲唐制，家產(chǎn)均分繼承制度更加成熟，其在繼承法中的地位也更加穩(wěn)固。本文試分析唐宋時(shí)期家產(chǎn)均分的繼承制度，進(jìn)而總結(jié)出這一制度的特點(diǎn)和深遠(yuǎn)影響，希望從中得出某些啟示，為我們今天和諧社會(huì)的構(gòu)建提供一些有益的借鑒。 本文從四個(gè)方面來探討。 首先詳細(xì)介紹了家產(chǎn)均分繼承方式的形成過程及諸子平均析產(chǎn)的方式。以諸子平均析產(chǎn)為主干的傳統(tǒng)家產(chǎn)繼承方式定型于戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期，其理論淵源為儒家的平均思想。商周時(shí)期，推行分封制度，財(cái)產(chǎn)繼承附屬于天子的王位繼承和貴族的爵位繼承；而社會(huì)中下層的平民庶人沒有爵位，傳給子孫的僅是財(cái)產(chǎn)，這時(shí)候單純的財(cái)產(chǎn)是可以任意分割的，只不過此時(shí)期地廣人稀，相對(duì)于勞動(dòng)力來說，土地處于次要地位。隨著宗法制度的松弛，大量的平民庶人從宗法制的束縛中解脫出來，變成了獨(dú)立戶頭的個(gè)體小農(nóng)，而財(cái)產(chǎn)繼承上以往獨(dú)大的局面被諸子平均分配所取代，到了漢代財(cái)產(chǎn)均分已經(jīng)普遍推行，至唐代成為定制。唐宋諸子平均析產(chǎn)方式包括多次性析產(chǎn)承戶方式和一次性析產(chǎn)承戶方式。多次性析產(chǎn)承戶方式是指父母在世的時(shí)候兒子們隨著結(jié)婚而陸續(xù)分家析產(chǎn)，但是每個(gè)兒子分得家產(chǎn)的數(shù)量略小于其應(yīng)得的平均數(shù)，待父母年邁或去世之后，再最后一次分清。在這種方式下，一般家庭的分家次數(shù)為兒子的個(gè)數(shù)再加一。這種方式在商鞅變法之后直秦朝比較盛行，漢代注重孝道，便限制著多次性析分這種方式的實(shí)行。一次性析產(chǎn)承戶方式是指父母在世的時(shí)候不分財(cái)不異居，待父母去世之后，兄弟們一次性分清家產(chǎn)。這種方式是在儒家孝悌觀念的倡導(dǎo)下產(chǎn)生的，唐宋社會(huì)主要實(shí)行這種方式。 其次探討唐宋親子家產(chǎn)均分繼承的實(shí)況考察。主要包括兩個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容：第一，介紹唐宋親子的家產(chǎn)繼承權(quán)，親子的范圍是指“只要是父母承認(rèn)的婢幼血親，，不分嫡庶、長(zhǎng)幼、男女、遺腹子、別宅子”，他們都有繼承家產(chǎn)的資格，但均分的對(duì)象僅限男性子嗣。第二是在繼承權(quán)考察的基礎(chǔ)上通過當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)具體的實(shí)際案例來探討唐宋社會(huì)親子家產(chǎn)繼承權(quán)的司法保護(hù)情況。文章具體通過對(duì)圍繞妾生子發(fā)生的家產(chǎn)繼承爭(zhēng)訟，圍繞別宅子發(fā)生的家產(chǎn)繼承爭(zhēng)訟和圍繞遺腹子發(fā)生的家產(chǎn)繼承爭(zhēng)訟的考察，進(jìn)而得知，唐宋社會(huì)親子的家產(chǎn)均分的繼承權(quán)利在大多數(shù)情況下還是能夠得到很好的保護(hù)的。 接下來介紹唐宋養(yǎng)子的家產(chǎn)繼承。首先介紹養(yǎng)子的選立范圍，其次探討在沒有親子的家庭，一般收養(yǎng)養(yǎng)子來養(yǎng)老送終、繼立門戶，此時(shí)養(yǎng)子的繼承權(quán)等同于親子；在既有親子又有養(yǎng)子的家庭，養(yǎng)子與親子均分家產(chǎn)；到了南宋，如果養(yǎng)子是近親尊長(zhǎng)所立，只承擔(dān)繼立門戶的義務(wù)，則此時(shí)稱為命繼，最多只能繼承家產(chǎn)的三分之一，這不屬于本文重點(diǎn)討論的對(duì)象；在既有養(yǎng)子又有上門女婿的家庭，則養(yǎng)子與女婿均分家產(chǎn)。如果養(yǎng)子沒有盡到孝養(yǎng)養(yǎng)父母，承繼養(yǎng)父母家庭門戶的義務(wù)，還會(huì)喪失繼承權(quán)。再在考察養(yǎng)子繼承權(quán)的基礎(chǔ)上通過對(duì)養(yǎng)子家產(chǎn)繼承糾紛實(shí)況的考察來了解當(dāng)時(shí)司法運(yùn)作對(duì)養(yǎng)子權(quán)利的保護(hù)。文章具體通過立繼子與親子之間發(fā)生的家產(chǎn)繼承爭(zhēng)訟、異姓嗣子之間發(fā)生的家產(chǎn)繼承爭(zhēng)訟、養(yǎng)子與女婿之間發(fā)生的家產(chǎn)繼承爭(zhēng)訟以及嗣子喪失繼承權(quán)四個(gè)方面來考察的。 最后是對(duì)唐宋家產(chǎn)均分繼承的特點(diǎn)和影響的總結(jié)。家產(chǎn)均分繼承是以宗法禮制為前提和基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行的均分，在均分的過程中，體現(xiàn)出維護(hù)宗法禮制和保護(hù)幼弱的特點(diǎn)，應(yīng)該說是“有限度的均分”，并不是盲目地將一切家產(chǎn)在數(shù)學(xué)概念上的絕對(duì)平均。家產(chǎn)均分繼承方式下諸子平均析分家產(chǎn)，諸子們依托祖父輩流傳下來的家產(chǎn)里繼續(xù)著諸子析分，一代又一代，使中國(guó)社會(huì)出現(xiàn)了“富貴無(wú)三輩”諺語(yǔ)和真實(shí)寫照。古代中國(guó)社會(huì)中小農(nóng)是主體，中國(guó)社會(huì)的財(cái)富不能像日本、西歐等國(guó)家和地區(qū)那樣進(jìn)行大規(guī)模的積累，因而諸子平均析產(chǎn)的方式對(duì)中國(guó)社會(huì)的歷史進(jìn)程產(chǎn)生了一定的影響。在血緣親情產(chǎn)生的向心力和財(cái)產(chǎn)利害產(chǎn)生的離心力之間，使家庭人際關(guān)系不斷的在傾向與平衡中維持著。此外，諸子平均析產(chǎn)方式在客觀上消極地助長(zhǎng)了人們思想上的惰性，也抹殺了我們中國(guó)人的創(chuàng)新意識(shí)。
[Abstract]:Tang and Song Dynasty is a period of more developed ancient Chinese society, and its inheritance system is becoming more and more perfect. Family equal inheritance is the most basic principle of inheritance in Chinese feudal society. In the Tang Dynasty, it was introduced into the law, the song system of the Tang Dynasty, the inheritance system of the family property is more mature, and its status in the inheritance law is more stable. This article tries to analyze the Tang Dynasty. In the Song period, the inheritance system of the equal distribution in the Song Dynasty, and then summed up the characteristics and far-reaching influence of this system, hope to draw some inspiration from it, and provide some useful reference for the construction of our harmonious society today.
This article is discussed from four aspects.
First of all, it introduces the formation process of the way of inheritance and the way of the average analysis of production. The traditional inheritance mode of the traditional family property, taking the average analysis of production as the main factor, is fixed in the Warring States period, its theoretical origin is the Confucian average thought. In the Shang Zhou period, the feudal system was carried out, and the inheritance of property inheritance was attached to the throne and the aristocracy. The common people in the middle and lower strata of the society have no title, the only property passed to their descendants is only property, and the simple property can be divided at this time. Only in this period the people are rare, and the land is in a secondary position relative to the labor force. With the slack of the patriarchal system, a large number of common people are removed from the shackles of the patriarchal law. It has become an individual small farmer, and the past independence of property inheritance has been replaced by the average distribution of the people in the Han Dynasty, which has been widely carried out in the Han Dynasty and became custom-made in the Tang Dynasty. It means that when the parents are alive, their sons are successively separated with their marriage, but each son is slightly less than the average number they deserve, and the last time after his parents are aged or dead. In this way, the number of families in the family is added to the number of children. This way is in Shang Yang's transformation. After the Qin Dynasty, the Qin Dynasty was more prevalent. The Han Dynasty paid attention to the filial piety and restricted the implementation of the multiple sex analysis. The one-off family analysis means that when the parents were in the world, the brothers did not differ in their wealth. After the death of their parents, the brothers separated their family property. This method was produced under the advocacy of the Confucian filial piety and fraternity concept, and the Tang and Song society was the main reality. Do this in this way.
Secondly, it discusses the fact survey of the parent-child inheritance in the Tang and Song dynasties. It mainly includes two aspects: first, it introduces the inheritance rights of the parents of the Tang and Song dynasties. The scope of the parents is that "as long as they are recognized by the parents, the blood relatives of the maidservant, the young, the young, the men and women, the children and the house", they all have the qualifications to inherit the family property, but they are equally divided. The elephant only limits the male offspring. Second is to discuss the judicial protection of the inheritance right of the family property of the Tang and Song society by the concrete actual case of the society on the basis of the investigation of the right of inheritance. The investigation of inheritance of family property shows that the inheritance rights of parentage in Tang and Song dynasties can still be well protected in most cases.
The following is to introduce the inheritance of the family property of the Tang and Song Yang Zi. First, it introduces the selection range of the breeding son. Secondly, it discusses the family in which there is no parent, generally adopt the foster son to take care of the parents, and then establish the family family. At this time, the inheritance of the breeding son is equal to the parents; in the family with both parents and breeding children, the foster son and the parents are equally divided into the family; and the Southern Song Dynasty, if the Yang Zi is the son, Close relatives stand up, only undertake the obligation to follow the portal, at this time it is called the fate of the family, at most only 1/3 of the family property, which does not belong to the object of the emphasis of this article; in the family with both the foster son and the son-in-law, the foster son and the son-in-law are equally divided into the family. On the basis of the inspection of the inheritance rights of the adoptive child, we can understand the protection of the right of the breeding child by the judicial operation at that time on the basis of the investigation of the inheritance rights of the breeding child. The following four aspects were investigated: family property inheritance dispute and successor's right of inheritance.
Finally, it is a summary of the characteristics and influence of the equal inheritance of the family property of the Tang and Song dynasties. The equal division of family property is the same as the premise and foundation of the patriarchal etiquette system. In the process of the equal division, it embodies the characteristics of maintaining the patriarchal ceremony and the protection of the young and weak. It should be said that "there is a limited equaliser", and it is not blind to the concept of all families in the mathematical concept. The absolute average. The average family property is divided by the inheritance of family property, and the sons and daughters continue to divide the family into the family property that has been handed down from their ancestors. The generation after generation has made Chinese society "rich and precious no three generation" Proverbs and true portrayal. The Chinese Society in ancient China is the main body, and the wealth of Chinese society can not be like Japan, Western Europe. As the country and the region carry on the large scale accumulation, the way of the average analysis of production has a certain influence on the historical process of Chinese society. Between the centripetal force produced by the consanguinity and the centrifugal force produced by the interests of property, the relationship between family and family is kept in the tendency and balance. Objectively speaking, it negatively encourages people's ideological inertia, and also obliterate our Chinese people's sense of innovation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D929;D923.5

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