本文選題：學說 + 法教義學　； 參考：《山東大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在各國法治發(fā)展進程中,學說曾作為重要的組成部分,對推動法律的良性發(fā)展發(fā)揮了重要作用。學說作為法律淵源,無論在古代社會,還是在現(xiàn)今法治語境下都占有一定的位置。在當今中國社會主義法治國家的大背景下、在司法審判所依據(jù)的規(guī)范性文件日益完善的情況下,學說能否成為司法過程中的法律淵源之一,是本文所要討論的問題。本文通過對學說法源的歷史、在當今中國的表現(xiàn)形式的描述,肯定了學說的法律淵源地位,并對學說法源的功能和司法適用進行了探討。本文分為七個部分:法律淵源的內(nèi)涵是首先需要討論的內(nèi)容。不同正式法律淵源形式,非正式法律淵源是指所有的能夠?qū)陀^權利產(chǎn)生影響的因素�；诖�,本文通過對一份引起爭議的判決書的探討,進而討論學說能否作為司法裁判中的非正式法律淵源。學說內(nèi)涵的界定對于本文來說是立論的基礎;從司法實踐的角度講,學說是指職業(yè)法律人(法學學者、法官、律師等)對現(xiàn)行有效的實在法進行系統(tǒng)性的、分析性的和評價性的解讀;將其與法教義學、法理論兩個相近概念進行比較,由此明確對學說的認識。這對于本文的討論是有意義的。在古代中國和西方,學說都曾經(jīng)被廣泛作為裁判依據(jù)使用,甚至在法律還不完善的時期,學說就是法律、具有和法律相同的效力。在現(xiàn)今社會,無論是在大陸法系還是英美法系國家,學說都作為法律體系的組成部分而在司法審判過程中被引用。這表明,在現(xiàn)代社會的司法實踐中,學說是不可忽視的組成部分。在中國特色社會主義法律體系已經(jīng)形成的背景下,學者們對法學教育弊端改革的迫切希望是學說法源產(chǎn)生的內(nèi)在動因;而學說產(chǎn)生的外在原因則是裁判者在現(xiàn)行法體系下追求更為實質(zhì)正義的訴求;在當今中國法治語境下,學說法源主要表現(xiàn)為法學學者在其著作、文章中持有并論證過的學術觀點,以及指導性案例中對法律規(guī)范或者法律規(guī)范中的術語進行解釋的語句。學說法源在司法審判中的作用體現(xiàn)在:有助于對司法判決的證成;有助于減輕法官負擔;有助于抵抗法外壓力;有助于揭示法律的內(nèi)在意義,有助于司法正義的實現(xiàn)。學說法源的司法適用是本文研究的最重要問題。適用學說法源的場合是:當法體系存在法律模糊、法律沖突或法律漏洞時,法官就可以適用學說法源。學說法源的司法適用以對法教義學體系的把握為前提,其具體適用方式包括兩種情形:直接引用學說論點的情形;理由與觀點都引用的情形。通過法律學說,法律條文的釋義以更加清晰的、更具有實用性的方式作用于司法裁判;通過學說體系,法律體系被解讀為一個有意義關聯(lián)的、有正確性保障的規(guī)范體系。在具體的法律適用中,引用學說來論證具體的法律判決,這不僅能增加司法裁判的說服力,也對學說順應社會發(fā)展具有重要意義。學說在法學教育和司法裁判中的運用,是推廣法教義學的重要條件之一,也是法體系化的必要條件。
[Abstract]:In the process of the development of the rule of law in all countries, the theory has played an important part in promoting the sound development of the law. As a source of law, the doctrine holds a certain position in the ancient society and in the present context of the rule of law. Under the background of the state of the rule of law in Chinese society, the judicial trial is under the background of the modern Chinese society. Under the condition that the normative documents are becoming more and more perfect, whether the theory can become one of the legal sources in the judicial process is a question to be discussed in this article. This article affirms the legal origin status of the theory through the history of the source of the theory and the description of the forms of expression in today's China, and has carried out the function of the source of the doctrine and the judicial application. This article is divided into seven parts: the connotation of the origin of the law is the first to be discussed. The different sources of legal origin and the informal source of law refer to all the factors that can affect the objective rights. Based on this, this article discusses whether the doctrine can be used as a judicial discretion by discussing a controversial judgment. The informal legal origin of the sentence. The definition of the connotation of the doctrine is the basis for this article. From the perspective of judicial practice, the theory refers to the systematic, analytical and appraised interpretation of the current effective practical law by the professional legal man (legal scholar, judge, lawyer, etc.); it is two similar to the jurisprudence of law and the theory of law. In ancient China and the west, the theory was used widely as a referee, even in a time when the law was not perfect, and the doctrine was the law, with the same effect as the law. In today's society, both in civil law and in the civil law system. The theories of the Anglo American law system are quoted in the judicial process as part of the legal system. This shows that the theory is an integral part of the judicial practice in modern society. In the background of the formation of the legal system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the urgent hope for the reform of legal education is the urgent hope of the scholars. The internal cause of the origin of the theory is the origin of the doctrine; the external cause of the theory is the pursuit of more substantive justice by the referee in the current legal system; in the context of the rule of law in China today, the source of the doctrine is mainly manifested by the academic views held and demonstrated by the legal scholars in their writings, in the articles, and in the legal norms in the guiding cases. The role of the term in the legal norms is explained. The role of the source of the doctrine in the judicial trial is reflected in: helping to justify the judicial judgment; helping to reduce the burden of the judge; helping to resist the pressure outside the law; helping to reveal the intrinsic meaning of the law and helping the realization of judicial justice. The judicial application of the source of the doctrine is the research of this article. The most important question is to apply the source of the doctrine: when the legal system exists in the legal system, the conflict of law or the loophole of the law, the judge can apply the source of the doctrine. The judicial application of the source of the doctrine is precondition for the grasp of the system of legal doctrines, and its specific application includes two cases: the case of direct reference to the argument of the doctrine; the reasons for it; The case which is cited with the point of view. Through the doctrine of law, the interpretation of the provisions of the law works in a clearer and more practical way to the judiciary; through the theory system, the legal system is interpreted as a meaningful association with a correct guarantee. In the application of the legal system, the theory is used to demonstrate the specific law. The law judgment not only increases the persuasion of the judiciary, but also is of great significance to the social development of the doctrine. The application of the doctrine in the law education and judicial referee is one of the important conditions for the teaching of the extension law and the necessary condition for the systematization of the law.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D901

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前1條

1 吳邦國;;在形成中國特色社會主義法律體系座談會上的講話[J];中國人大;2011年02期

，

本文編號：2025237