本文選題：唐代 + 諫諍制度��； 參考：《山東師范大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國古代的封建君主專制制度中有一種非常有特點(diǎn)的政治文化現(xiàn)象,這就是諫諍制度。諫諍制度歷史悠久,其初創(chuàng)于周朝早期,發(fā)展于秦漢時(shí)期,特別是在唐代又有了新的發(fā)展。在唐代,由于當(dāng)時(shí)的社會大形勢需要,再加上唐代統(tǒng)治者和諫臣們的不斷努力以及儒家思想逐漸發(fā)展完備并被封建統(tǒng)治階級更好的吸收和采納,這些都使得唐朝成為了古代諫諍制度發(fā)展史上的一個(gè)頂峰階段,并促成了中國封建制度的大發(fā)展和大繁榮。本文選取唐代諫諍制度作為主要的研究和討論對象,也正是因?yàn)槠湓谥袊O(jiān)察言諫制度史上具有極其重要的地位。筆者選取了以下幾個(gè)重點(diǎn)來對唐代諫諍制度進(jìn)行深入的探究:首先,需要闡述一下本論文的選題理由及意義,并且稍微列舉一下本選題現(xiàn)在的研究現(xiàn)狀如何。之后進(jìn)入正文部分:一、唐代以前諫諍制度的歷史沿革。要研究一項(xiàng)制度,不僅要橫向的分析,更要縱向的理解,所以我們要先了解一下諫的概念、諫權(quán)的產(chǎn)生以及諫諍的目的,以為后文更好的了解唐代諫諍制度做一個(gè)鋪墊。二、唐代以前諫諍制度的發(fā)展歷程。我國的封建王朝歷史余千年,唐朝正處于其中間發(fā)展階段。因此,在了解完與諫諍相關(guān)的幾個(gè)基本概念之后,我們更需要縱向的分析一下唐代以前諫諍制度的發(fā)展情況,以此來比較出唐代的諫諍制度有何新的特點(diǎn)。三,唐代的諫諍制度及其特點(diǎn)。這是本文的重點(diǎn)部分,分四個(gè)章節(jié)進(jìn)行分析:首先,論述下唐代諫諍制度的概況,從諫諍的制度設(shè)計(jì)、選任條件、實(shí)施途徑三方面分析;其次,論述唐代諫諍制度的新發(fā)展,討論了新發(fā)展的體現(xiàn)和原因;最后,論述了唐代諫諍制度的主要特征,這里分為三個(gè)部分:明君的殷切求諫,臣下的積極進(jìn)諫,諫諍之風(fēng)盛傳。四,對唐代諫諍制度做一個(gè)總體評價(jià)。唐代諫諍制度的成熟在一定程度上約束了君主的個(gè)人權(quán)力,使統(tǒng)治階級在制定決策時(shí)更加謹(jǐn)慎,降低了錯(cuò)誤決策的出現(xiàn)率,但是包括唐代諫諍制度在內(nèi)的中國古代監(jiān)察言諫制度都是一種維護(hù)中國古代封建君主專制制度的器具,是一種緩和劑,所以其存在著很多的局限性和不足�？偟膩砜�,諫諍制度是中國古代封建君主專制制度中的進(jìn)步成分,其制度中的進(jìn)步成分可以為現(xiàn)代的行政監(jiān)督工作帶來很多的啟示,但是其本質(zhì)上仍然是為封建專制統(tǒng)治服務(wù),這和西方社會的民主概念更是不能等同。
[Abstract]:There is a special political and cultural phenomenon in the feudal autocratic monarchy in ancient China, which is the admonition system. Jian Zheng system has a long history. It was founded in the early Zhou Dynasty and developed in the Qin and Han dynasties, especially in the Tang Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, due to the needs of the social situation at that time, coupled with the constant efforts of the rulers and ministers of the Tang Dynasty and the gradual development of Confucianism, it was better absorbed and adopted by the feudal ruling class. All these made the Tang Dynasty a peak stage in the history of the ancient Jianzheng system, and contributed to the great development and prosperity of the feudal system in China. This paper chooses the admonition system of Tang Dynasty as the main research and discussion object, which is also because of its extremely important position in the history of Chinese supervision and admonition system. The author has selected the following key points to carry on the thorough exploration to the Tang Dynasty Jian Zheng system: first, need to explain the reason and the significance of this thesis, and enumerates the present research situation of this topic slightly. Then into the text: first, the history of the Jian Zheng system before the Tang Dynasty. To study a system, we should not only analyze horizontally, but also understand vertically. So we must first understand the concept of remonstrance, the emergence of remonstrance power and the purpose of admonishing the Zheng, so as to pave the way for a better understanding of the system of admonition in the Tang Dynasty. Second, the development of admonition system before Tang Dynasty. The Tang Dynasty was in its middle stage after a thousand years of history of the feudal dynasty in China. Therefore, after understanding several basic concepts related to the admonition, we need to analyze the development of the admonition system before the Tang Dynasty vertically, so as to compare the new characteristics of the admonition system in the Tang Dynasty. Third, the admonition system of Tang Dynasty and its characteristics. This is the key part of this paper, which is divided into four chapters. Firstly, it discusses the general situation of the admonition system in the Tang Dynasty, and analyzes the system design, selection conditions and implementation methods of the admonition system. Secondly, it discusses the new development of the admonition system in the Tang Dynasty. Finally, it discusses the main characteristics of the admonition system in the Tang Dynasty, which is divided into three parts: the ardent request of the Ming emperor, the active admonition under the minister, and the popular wind of admonition. Fourth, to the Tang Dynasty admonition system to do a general evaluation. The maturity of the admonition system in the Tang Dynasty restrained the monarch's personal power to a certain extent, made the ruling class more cautious in making decisions, and reduced the occurrence rate of erroneous decisions. But the ancient Chinese supervision and admonition system, including the admonition system in the Tang Dynasty, is a kind of instrument to maintain the feudal autocratic monarchy in ancient China and a kind of moderator, so it has many limitations and shortcomings. Generally speaking, the admonition system is a progressive element in the feudal autocratic system of feudal monarchy in ancient China. The progressive elements of the system can bring a lot of enlightenment to the modern administrative supervision work, but in essence it still serves for the feudal autocratic rule. This is not equal to the concept of democracy in western society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：D929;K242

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