本文選題：交涉 + 程序��； 參考：《蘇州大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：交涉的基礎(chǔ)涵義是通過(guò)協(xié)商達(dá)成解決問(wèn)題的合意。協(xié)商的方式?jīng)Q定了平等與和平是交涉所應(yīng)秉持的兩項(xiàng)基本價(jià)值。應(yīng)該說(shuō)這兩項(xiàng)價(jià)值只有在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中才有實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能,盡管這種可能僅僅是形式上的。在之前的社會(huì)中平等與和平的交涉或許存在,但卻不具有普遍意義,因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)人的主體性還沒(méi)有覺(jué)醒。人類(lèi)社會(huì)步入現(xiàn)代之后,人的主體性得到了空前的肯認(rèn),隨之價(jià)值多元成為了現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的普遍現(xiàn)象。多元價(jià)值并存一定程度上使得善惡是非的評(píng)判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不再絕對(duì)化、權(quán)威化,而是多元化、相對(duì)化。如此一來(lái),價(jià)值沖突成為一種常態(tài)。如何彌合這種沖突也便成為每一個(gè)現(xiàn)代國(guó)家都要面對(duì)的難解之題。解決這一難題,訴諸現(xiàn)代法律程序進(jìn)路或?yàn)榭尚小，F(xiàn)代程序進(jìn)路之所以可行就在于,它可以為沖突各方提供一個(gè)和平對(duì)話(huà)、平等協(xié)商的交涉平臺(tái)。在現(xiàn)代程序的保障之下,平等、和平的交涉得以實(shí)現(xiàn),其對(duì)多元價(jià)值沖突解決的內(nèi)在機(jī)理在于:它能夠在沒(méi)有預(yù)設(shè)任何價(jià)值評(píng)判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的前提下,通過(guò)為沖突各方提供交流協(xié)商的渠道,促進(jìn)各方以對(duì)話(huà)的方式達(dá)成合意,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)在不涉及實(shí)質(zhì)價(jià)值判斷的條件下彌合價(jià)值沖突。交涉的存在并發(fā)揮作用,使得程序不單是一套以時(shí)空二維表征出來(lái)的行為的方式、方法、順序、步驟,而且體現(xiàn)為參與主體間以對(duì)話(huà)協(xié)商的形式表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的交互作用過(guò)程,表現(xiàn)為以交互性為特征的關(guān)系維度。這便是現(xiàn)代程序能夠彌合價(jià)值沖突的原因所在,也是現(xiàn)代程序的本質(zhì)所在。現(xiàn)代法律程序的本質(zhì)在于交涉。程序正義要求交涉本身也要符合正義的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。交涉固然有其外在價(jià)值指向,但更要符合其內(nèi)在價(jià)值要求。平等與和平僅僅是交涉正義所應(yīng)滿(mǎn)足的兩項(xiàng)基本價(jià)值要求。除此之外,交涉還應(yīng)滿(mǎn)足對(duì)等、理性、充分、有效、中立、自治、及時(shí)、止?fàn)幰约白鳛榻K極關(guān)懷的人的尊嚴(yán)等價(jià)值要求。這便是一個(gè)正義的交涉所應(yīng)滿(mǎn)足的諸項(xiàng)內(nèi)在價(jià)值。于實(shí)踐維度來(lái)看,法治國(guó)家建設(shè)的關(guān)鍵在于對(duì)公權(quán)力的管控,而管控權(quán)力的重要手段就是程序。通過(guò)現(xiàn)代程序中交涉機(jī)制的建構(gòu),使得程序運(yùn)作不再是強(qiáng)大的“利維坦”憑借自我意志所進(jìn)行的單向行為,而是表現(xiàn)為在權(quán)力與權(quán)利對(duì)話(huà)協(xié)商的基礎(chǔ)上所形成的共商共治。立法程序中的公眾參與、行政程序中的決策聽(tīng)證、司法程序中的控辯對(duì)抗都是交涉的典型體現(xiàn)。面對(duì)現(xiàn)代社會(huì)價(jià)值多元化的現(xiàn)實(shí),法治建設(shè)的程序進(jìn)路是一個(gè)當(dāng)然的選擇,其原因就在于現(xiàn)代法律程序中以對(duì)話(huà)協(xié)商的相互性為特征的交涉機(jī)制的存在。中國(guó)的程序法治實(shí)踐是缺乏交涉性的,這點(diǎn)在立法領(lǐng)域、行政領(lǐng)域以及司法領(lǐng)域中均有體現(xiàn)。究其根由,或與中國(guó)權(quán)力主導(dǎo)的傳統(tǒng)法文化相關(guān)聯(lián)。公權(quán)力的主導(dǎo)使得公民的私權(quán)利無(wú)力與之進(jìn)行對(duì)話(huà),交涉的局面始終難以形成。面對(duì)當(dāng)下越來(lái)越明顯的現(xiàn)代性特征,中國(guó)也需要交涉機(jī)制的建構(gòu),需要交涉機(jī)制來(lái)平衡權(quán)力與權(quán)利之間的關(guān)系。這不但是彌合價(jià)值沖突以緩和社會(huì)矛盾的需要,也是在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中實(shí)現(xiàn)權(quán)力的正統(tǒng)性的需要。
[Abstract]:The basic meaning of negotiation is to reach a consensual agreement through consultation. The way of consultation determines the two basic values that equality and peace should be held. It should be said that the two values are only possible in modern society, although this may be merely formal. It may exist, but it does not have universal significance, because the subjectivity of the man has not yet awaken. After the human society enters the modern era, human subjectivity has been recognized unprecedentedly, and the value pluralism has become a universal phenomenon in modern society. To a certain extent, the coexistence of multiple values makes the judgment of good and evil is no absolute absolute, right. It is pluralism, but pluralism and relativity. Thus, the conflict of value becomes a normal. How to bridge this conflict will be a difficult problem for every modern country. To solve this problem, resort to modern legal procedures, or to be feasible. A peaceful dialogue, the negotiation platform for equal consultation. Under the guarantee of modern procedures, the negotiation of equality and peace is realized. The inner mechanism of the settlement of multiple value conflicts lies in that it can promote dialogue by providing communication and consultation for all parties to the conflict without the presupposition of any standard of value evaluation. To achieve a consensual way to bridge the conflict of value without referring to the substantive value judgment. The existence and function of the negotiation makes the procedure not only a set of ways, methods, order, steps, which are represented by the two-dimensional space and time, but also the interaction between the participants in the form of dialogue and negotiation. Process is the relationship dimension characterized by interactivity. This is the reason why modern procedures can bridge the conflict of values and the essence of modern procedures. The nature of modern legal procedures lies in negotiation. Procedural justice requires the negotiation itself to conform to the standard of justice. Its intrinsic value requirements. Equality and peace are only two basic requirements for justice to be met. In addition, negotiation should also meet the value requirements of equal, rational, sufficient, effective, neutral, autonomous, timely, disputing and human dignity as the ultimate concern. This is the intrinsic price of a fair negotiation. According to the practice dimension, the key to the construction of the rule of law lies in the control of public power, and the important means of controlling power is the procedure. Through the construction of the mechanism of negotiation in the modern procedure, the operation of the procedure is no longer the unidirectional behavior of the powerful "Leviathan" by the powerful "Leviathan", but it is manifested in the right and right. On the basis of the negotiation, the public participation in the legislative procedure, the decision hearing in the administrative procedure and the confrontation in the judicial procedure are the typical representations of the negotiation. In the face of the reality of the pluralistic value of the modern society, the procedural approach to the construction of the rule of law is a choice of the present, and its reason lies in the modern legal procedure. The existence of a negotiation mechanism characterized by the interaction of dialogue and consultation. The practice of the rule of law in China is a lack of negotiation, which is embodied in the legislative, administrative and judicial fields. It is rooted in it or is associated with the traditional law culture dominated by Chinese power. The leadership of public power makes the private rights of citizens weak and weak. In the face of the dialogue, the negotiation situation is always difficult to form. Facing the more and more obvious modern characteristics, China also needs the construction of the negotiation mechanism and the mechanism of negotiation to balance the relationship between power and rights. It is not only to bridge the needs of the conflict of value to alleviate social contradictions, but also to realize the orthodoxy of power in modern society. The need for sex.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘇州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D90-05
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本文編號(hào)：1914926