發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-05 14:51

  本文選題：中國(guó)古代恥辱刑 + 演進(jìn)　； 參考：《山東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：恥辱刑在古代刑罰體系中占重要地位,然而作為一種以侮辱犯罪人格的刑罰方式,在近代以來(lái)被認(rèn)為是非人道的、殘酷的,在當(dāng)今世界范圍內(nèi)已經(jīng)被絕大多數(shù)國(guó)家所廢除,我國(guó)自清末修律之后的刑罰體系中便不再存在恥辱刑。雖然中國(guó)古代恥辱刑在當(dāng)今看來(lái)是非人道的,且違背國(guó)際刑罰的發(fā)展趨勢(shì),但是作為一種刑罰能夠綿延適用數(shù)千年,在古代刑罰體系中占一席之地,必然有其出現(xiàn)的原因和任其發(fā)展的因素。如今,我們應(yīng)當(dāng)在堅(jiān)持刑罰人道主義的前提之下,挖掘其存在的價(jià)值及其對(duì)現(xiàn)代刑罰的意義。中國(guó)古代的恥辱刑的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展有著深刻的社會(huì)根源和思想根源,是我國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的仁義禮治、宗法等級(jí)等價(jià)值觀念在法律中的具體體現(xiàn),其本身隨著時(shí)代的發(fā)展而展現(xiàn)出的時(shí)代特征和與時(shí)代相匹配的刑罰思想是值得推敲的。本文主要是對(duì)恥辱刑的定義進(jìn)行完善,對(duì)中國(guó)古代恥辱刑的演進(jìn)過(guò)程、與中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)思想和中國(guó)古代社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)之間的關(guān)系、對(duì)中國(guó)古代刑罰體系的影響進(jìn)行分析,進(jìn)而挖掘出中國(guó)古代恥辱刑對(duì)當(dāng)代刑罰體制建設(shè)的啟示。在導(dǎo)言部分,本文對(duì)恥辱刑的定義及其國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀作了分析和探究。在對(duì)恥辱刑的定義方面,通過(guò)對(duì)前人研究的闡述和分析,將恥辱刑當(dāng)前的定義進(jìn)行了梳理,并在此基礎(chǔ)之上,對(duì)本文中的恥辱刑進(jìn)行了定義,將對(duì)恥辱刑的定義由原本介于以刑罰目的為分類和以刑罰方式為分類之間的一種方式,轉(zhuǎn)為以刑罰所侵犯的權(quán)益為主要?jiǎng)澐謽?biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行了定義。在對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀方面,本文將國(guó)內(nèi)的研究現(xiàn)狀分為對(duì)專業(yè)著述的梳理、期刊方面的梳理及學(xué)術(shù)論文方面的梳理,其中以期刊方面為主要內(nèi)容,將對(duì)恥辱刑的研究沿革進(jìn)行了闡述并指出其中存在的疑慮之處,并以此作為本文主要的論述內(nèi)容進(jìn)行展開(kāi)。在第一部分,本文對(duì)中國(guó)古代恥辱刑的演進(jìn)進(jìn)行了論述和分析。結(jié)合中國(guó)古代恥辱刑在不同時(shí)期發(fā)展的特征將其演進(jìn)過(guò)程分為三個(gè)時(shí)期階段,即萌芽期(堯舜禹時(shí)期)、產(chǎn)生發(fā)展到鼎盛期——夏代至秦代、輕緩到衰落期——漢文帝刑罰制度改革至清末修律時(shí)期。在堯舜禹時(shí)期的恥辱刑屬于萌芽階段,刑法的內(nèi)容主要是通過(guò)外在形式的變化對(duì)犯罪者進(jìn)行標(biāo)記,稱之為象刑。到了夏代至秦代時(shí)期,隨著血親關(guān)系為紐帶的氏族部落逐漸演變?yōu)橐缘赜蜿P(guān)系為紐帶的封建國(guó)家,原本的社會(huì)規(guī)范和族內(nèi)風(fēng)俗不再奏效,因?yàn)楦鼩埧岬男塘P方式受到統(tǒng)治者的青睞,于是延伸出了以殘害肉體為刑罰方式的恥辱刑,即墨、劓、刖、宮、棄市、鞭笞之刑等;以及以毀損身體毛發(fā)為刑罰形式的恥辱刑,即髡、耐,此外還包括古代象刑的遺存:明刑。在第一部分的最后,本文通過(guò)對(duì)三個(gè)時(shí)期內(nèi)恥辱刑的內(nèi)容及特征,得出中國(guó)古代恥辱刑演進(jìn)的總體趨勢(shì),即刑罰的目的由教化目的轉(zhuǎn)向懲戒目的、刑罰程度由輕到重再由重到輕、刑法的適用由主刑轉(zhuǎn)向附加刑的趨勢(shì)。在第二部分,本文對(duì)中國(guó)古代恥辱刑在演進(jìn)過(guò)程中受到的思想基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行了探析,通過(guò)對(duì)古代思想文化,如古代恥感思想、古代宗法思想、古代禮儀道德思想和古代人文思想的分析,探析其對(duì)中國(guó)古代恥辱刑得以演進(jìn)所產(chǎn)生的影響。在第三部分,本文在前兩部分對(duì)中國(guó)古代恥辱刑的論述基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合史料對(duì)中國(guó)古代恥辱刑的積極影響進(jìn)行闡述,主要包括對(duì)恥辱刑中的懲罰犯罪、防阻犯罪、安撫受害者、促進(jìn)刑罰寬緩化進(jìn)程等方面的功能。在第四部分,本文在前文的分析基礎(chǔ)之上對(duì)中國(guó)古代恥辱刑德?tīng)栂麡O影響進(jìn)行論述,主要分為兩方面,一方面是從恥辱刑危害到古代統(tǒng)治秩序方面,將恥辱刑帶來(lái)的危害進(jìn)行分述;另一方面是從當(dāng)今的角度,分析恥辱刑對(duì)當(dāng)代司法和執(zhí)法的消極影響。
[Abstract]:The stigma punishment plays an important role in the ancient penalty system. However, as an insulting criminal personality, the punishment method, which has been considered as inhumane and cruel in modern times, has been abolished by the vast majority of countries in the world today, and there is no stigma in our country since the late Qing Dynasty. The ancient humiliation punishment appears to be inhumane today and violates the trend of the development of international punishment, but it can be applied for thousands of years as a penalty, and it occupies a place in the ancient system of punishment. It is bound to have its reasons and the factors for its development. Now, we should excavate it under the premise of upholding the humanitarianism of the penalty. The value of the existence and its significance to the modern penalty. The generation and development of the ancient Chinese humiliation punishment has profound social and ideological roots. It is the concrete embodiment of the traditional benevolence and righteousness, the patriarchal hierarchy and other values in the law, which itself shows the characteristics of the times and matches the times with the development of the times. The concept of penalty is worthy of deliberation. This article is mainly to improve the definition of humiliating punishment, the evolution process of ancient Chinese humiliation punishment, the relationship between Chinese traditional thought and Chinese ancient social structure, the influence of the ancient Chinese penal system, and then excavate the construction of the modern penal system in China. In the introduction, this article analyses and explores the definition of humiliating punishment and the current research status at home and abroad. On the definition of humiliating punishment, the definition of humiliating punishment is combed through the exposition and analysis of previous studies, and on this basis, the definition of stigma punishment in this article will be defined and the definition of stigma punishment will be defined. By a way between the classification of the purpose of punishment and the classification of penalty as a classification, the rights and interests violated by the penalty are defined as the main criterion. In the field of research at home and abroad, the present situation of domestic research is divided into the comb of professional writings, the combing of Periodicals and the academic papers. In the first part, the author expounds and analyzes the evolution of the ancient Chinese humiliating punishment in the first part. In the first part, this article discusses and analyzes the evolution of the ancient humiliating punishment in China. The characteristics of the development of the period divided its evolution into three stages, that is, the germination period (Yao Shunyu period), developed to the peak period - the Xia Dynasty to the Qin Dynasty, gently to the decline period - the reform of Han Wendi's penal system to the period of the late Qing Dynasty. The humiliating punishment in the Yao, Shun and Yu period belongs to the embryonic stage, and the content of the criminal law is mainly through the external. In the period of the Xia Dynasty to the Qin Dynasty, the clan tribe with the relationship of blood relatives gradually evolved into a feudal state with regional relations as a link. The original social norms and internal customs no longer worked, because the more cruel way of punishment was favored by the rulers, and extended to the period of the period of the Xia Dynasty to the Qin Dynasty. The stigma punishment in the way of the punishment of the body as a punishment, the punishment of Jimo, the palace, the palace, the discarding of the city, the flogging punishment, as well as the stigma in the form of the punishment of the body hair, including the ancient relics of the elephant punishment, and the Ming sentence. The general trend of the evolution of the humiliating punishment is that the purpose of the penalty is turned from teaching purpose to disciplinary purpose, the degree of punishment is from light to heavy to weight to light, and the application of criminal law is from main punishment to additional penalty. In the second part, the ideological basis of the ancient Chinese humiliating punishment in the process of evolution is discussed, and the ancient thought is made through the ancient thought. Culture, such as ancient stigma thought, ancient patriarchal thought, ancient etiquette and moral thought and ancient humanistic thought, analyzed its influence on the evolution of ancient Chinese humiliating punishment. In the third part, on the basis of the first two parts of the ancient Chinese humiliating punishment, the positive influence of historical materials on the ancient Chinese humiliation punishment was combined. In the fourth part, in the fourth part, this article discusses the negative influence of the ancient Chinese humiliation punishment on the basis of the previous analysis, which is divided into two aspects, on the one hand, from the stigma punishment to the ancient times. In terms of ruling order, the harm brought by humiliation punishment is divided. On the other hand, it analyzes the negative influence of humiliation on contemporary judicature and law enforcement from today's perspective.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D929

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