發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-21 10:40

  本文選題：九品官人法 + 司徒府　； 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：九品官人法是魏晉南北朝時(shí)期的一種選官制度，它主要包括兩個(gè)方面：第一是對(duì)官員的職位進(jìn)行九品的區(qū)分，按照職位的重要程度從而確定這一官位所需人才的品級(jí)。它的中心是確定各種職位的任職者需要具備的人才等級(jí)。第二是由中正根據(jù)才德對(duì)士人進(jìn)行品評(píng)，按序列分為九等。然后將品評(píng)結(jié)果逐級(jí)上報(bào)到司徒府，由司徒府進(jìn)行審核。司徒府將審核結(jié)果交由吏部尚書(shū)作為任官的資格，吏部根據(jù)士人的品級(jí)，同時(shí)參照官位的品級(jí)，對(duì)士人進(jìn)行授官。同時(shí)在中正品評(píng)和司徒府審核的過(guò)程中，如果有不同意見(jiàn)，則可以上書(shū)到中書(shū)省，由中書(shū)省進(jìn)行裁判，或做最后的認(rèn)定。九品官人法由曹魏創(chuàng)立，到兩晉時(shí)才真正確立其作為選官制度的法律地位。本文主要從三個(gè)方面重點(diǎn)對(duì)對(duì)兩晉九品官人法進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要的論述和評(píng)析。第一部分是關(guān)于九品官人法建立的歷史環(huán)境，在這部分主要論述了當(dāng)時(shí)的經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境，當(dāng)時(shí)的經(jīng)濟(jì)已經(jīng)處于崩潰的邊緣。政治環(huán)境可以說(shuō)是大分裂期內(nèi)有小的統(tǒng)一期。選官制度的腐敗，是九品官人法建立的制度基礎(chǔ)。表現(xiàn)為選官的腐敗、以名取人和以族取人。第二部分是論述九品官人法的組織結(jié)構(gòu)和其運(yùn)作機(jī)制，在這部分主要闡述了司徒、吏部尚書(shū)、中書(shū)省和中正各自的職能。同時(shí)對(duì)其運(yùn)作機(jī)制做了簡(jiǎn)要敘述，中正和司徒府負(fù)責(zé)品評(píng)士人，吏部按照中正的品狀，量人授職。中正則是起到監(jiān)督和制衡的作用。第三部分則是簡(jiǎn)要評(píng)析了九品官人法，與門閥世家的結(jié)合，使得九品官人法徹底走向了貴族化，，成為一種貴族制度。這就對(duì)官員官階產(chǎn)生了影響，主要表現(xiàn)為使得官吏分離和胥吏的出現(xiàn)。對(duì)于九品官人法的消亡主要從其弊端和中正職能的變化進(jìn)行了評(píng)析�？婆e制的萌芽主要表現(xiàn)在落第者的出現(xiàn)和自由投考的出現(xiàn)。九品官人法作為一個(gè)承上啟下的選官制度，對(duì)科舉制有很大借鑒意義。九品官人法作為選官制度對(duì)世風(fēng)和教育的影響作用也是很大的。
[Abstract]:The law of nine-grade officials is a system of selecting officials in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties. It mainly includes two aspects: first, it distinguishes the positions of officials by nine articles, and determines the grade of talents needed by this official position according to the important degree of the position. Its center is to determine the level of talent required for the incumbents of various positions. The second is by Zhongzheng according to Caide to evaluate the scholars, according to the sequence divided into nine levels. Then the evaluation results are reported to Stu Fu step by step, and examined by Stu Fu. According to the rank of the scholars and referring to the rank of the official, the official department granted the official official. At the same time, if there are different opinions in the process of Zhongzheng Appraisal and Stu Fu's examination, they can go to Zhongshu province and judge by Zhongshu Province, or make the final determination. The law was founded by Cao Wei, and it was only in the Jin Dynasty that the law established its legal status as a system of selecting officials. This article mainly from three aspects to the Jin Dynasty nine quality official person law has carried on the brief discussion and the appraisal. The first part is about the historical environment of the establishment of the Nine official Law. In this part, it mainly discusses the economic environment at that time, at that time the economy was on the verge of collapse. The political environment can be said to have a small period of unification during the period of great division. The corruption of the system of selecting officials is the basis of the establishment of the law. It is the corruption of the election officials, taking people by name and by clan. The second part discusses the organizational structure and its operating mechanism of the Nine official Law. In this part, it mainly expounds the respective functions of Stu, the official Department of Shang Shu, the province of Zhongshu and Zhongzheng. At the same time, the operating mechanism was briefly described. Zhongzheng and Stu were in charge of evaluating the scholars. Zhongzheng is to play the role of supervision and checks and balances. The third part is a brief analysis of the nine-grade official law, and the combination of the family of the door owner, so that the law of nine quality officials to the aristocracy, become a aristocratic system. This had an impact on the rank of officials, mainly for the separation of officials and the appearance of petty officials. This paper comments on the death of Nine-quality official-person law mainly from its malpractice and the change of its function. The germination of imperial examination system is mainly manifested in the emergence of the first and free entrance examination. As a system of selecting officials, it has great significance for the imperial examination system. As a system of selecting officials, the law of Nine Pin officials also has a great influence on the world style and education.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D929;D922.1

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本文編號(hào)：1782077