發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-21 11:36

  本文選題：效率違約 + 司法實(shí)踐��； 參考：《南京大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：效率違約理論是英美合同法領(lǐng)域中的一項(xiàng)重要內(nèi)容,伴隨著于西方經(jīng)濟(jì)分析法學(xué)的興起,得益于普通法的制度基礎(chǔ),效率違約理論不斷發(fā)展完善。效率違約將經(jīng)濟(jì)分析方法引入合同領(lǐng)域,彌補(bǔ)了單純法律分析方法的不足,在學(xué)界產(chǎn)生了廣泛的影響。雖然關(guān)于效率違約理論的質(zhì)疑不斷,但這一理論在爭議中不斷成熟,展現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)大的生命力。時(shí)至今日,美國對(duì)于效率違約理論的研究已經(jīng)遍及效率違約理論的起源、效率違約的理論基礎(chǔ)、理論價(jià)值、在實(shí)踐中的運(yùn)用等諸多方面,形成了一個(gè)較為完整成熟的體系。在具有深厚的理論價(jià)值的同時(shí),效率違約理論的實(shí)踐價(jià)值同樣不容忽視。美國的許多州和聯(lián)邦法院已經(jīng)在審判實(shí)踐中使用效率違約理論作為審理的重要依據(jù),然而由于美國特殊的司法體系,也有一些州對(duì)效率違約理論持拒絕態(tài)度,不愿意在審判中使用該理論。因此我們有必要研究美國司法實(shí)踐對(duì)效率違約理論的接納情況,分析其接納與拒絕的理由,從而更為全面了解效率違約的實(shí)踐價(jià)值。此外,效率違約作為一項(xiàng)"年輕"的理論,在適用過程中必然會(huì)與既有的法律制度發(fā)生沖突,美國司法實(shí)踐對(duì)這些沖突的協(xié)調(diào)同樣值得我們學(xué)習(xí)借鑒。本文主要分為六章。第一章:美國的效率違約理論。本章主要介紹效率違約的基本概念,并通過波斯納在著作中的經(jīng)典論述以及科斯定理來了解效率違約理論是如何提出的。本章還對(duì)效率違約理論產(chǎn)生的社會(huì)背景進(jìn)行了分析,試圖找到效率違約唯獨(dú)出現(xiàn)在美國的答案。第二章:對(duì)效率違約理論的拒絕,美國有關(guān)各州法院的做法。本章主要立足于美國的司法實(shí)踐,通過各州拒絕接納效率違約理論的案例,并結(jié)合學(xué)者的對(duì)該理論的批判分析這些法院拒絕的原因并作出評(píng)析。第三章:對(duì)效率違約理論的接納,美國有關(guān)各州法院的做法。本章主要通過了解美國各州接納效率違約理論的案例,結(jié)合學(xué)者對(duì)該理論的贊同,分析這些州接納效率違約理論的原因并作出評(píng)析。第四章:對(duì)效率違約理論的接納,美國聯(lián)邦法院的做法。本章主要分析美國聯(lián)邦法院對(duì)效率違約理論的接納,通過聯(lián)邦法院的態(tài)度來對(duì)上文中各州的做法作出評(píng)價(jià)。第五章:效率違約理論在美國司法實(shí)踐的適用所生法律沖突與協(xié)調(diào)。本章主要介紹效率違約理論與美國懲罰性賠償制度、合理預(yù)見規(guī)則、引誘違約侵權(quán)制度、違約獲益賠償責(zé)任、購買替代物規(guī)則這些制度的沖突,并分析美國司法實(shí)踐在協(xié)調(diào)這些沖突的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。第六章:美國司法實(shí)踐對(duì)效率違約理論的適用對(duì)我國的啟示。本章首先分析我國《合同法》中體現(xiàn)的效率違約規(guī)則,然后總結(jié)美國做法對(duì)我國在適用效率違約理論時(shí)在具體規(guī)則和原則方面的借鑒。
[Abstract]:The theory of efficiency breach of contract is an important content in the field of British and American contract law. With the rise of western economic analysis law, the theory of efficiency breach of contract has been developed and perfected. The efficiency breach of contract has introduced the economic analysis method into the contract field, and made up for the deficiency of the simple legal analysis method. Although the question of efficiency breach theory is constantly questioned, the theory has matured in the dispute and shows great vitality. Today, the research on efficiency default theory in the United States has spread all over the origin of efficiency default theory, the theoretical foundation of efficiency breach, theoretical value, and practice in many aspects. At the same time, the practical value of the theory of efficiency breach of contract can not be ignored. Many states and federal courts in the United States have used the theory of efficiency breach of contract in trial practice as an important basis for the trial, but there are also some of the special judicial systems in the United States. The state has rejected the efficiency default theory and is reluctant to use this theory in the trial. Therefore, it is necessary for us to study the acceptance of the efficiency default theory in the judicial practice of the United States, analyze the reasons for its acceptance and rejection, and thus more fully understand the practical value of the efficiency breach. In the process of application, it is bound to conflict with existing legal systems. The coordination of American judicial practice to these conflicts is also worthy of our learning. This article is divided into six chapters. Chapter 1: the theory of efficiency breach of contract in the United States. This chapter mainly introduces the basic concepts of efficient breach of contract, and through the classical exposition and section of Posner's works. This chapter also analyzes the social background of efficiency breach theory and tries to find the answer to the efficiency default only in the United States. The second chapter: the refusal of the efficiency breach theory and the law of the American state courts. This chapter is mainly based on the judicial practice in the United States. The state refuses to accept the case of efficiency default theory, and analyzes the reasons for the refusal of these courts with the critical analysis of the theory by the scholars. The third chapter: the acceptance of the efficiency breach theory and the practice of the American state courts. This chapter is mainly through the understanding of the cases of the acceptance of the efficiency default theory in the states of the United States and the combination of scholars. The fourth chapter: the acceptance of the efficiency breach theory and the practice of the federal court of the United States. This chapter mainly analyzes the acceptance of the efficiency default theory in the federal court of the United States, and evaluates the practice of the states in the previous article by the attitude of the federal court. The fifth chapter: This chapter mainly introduces the conflict between the efficiency default theory and the American punitive compensation system, the reasonable foreseeing rules, the lure of breach of contract infringement, the liability for the benefit of breach of contract, the purchase of the rules of substitutes, and the analysis of the coordination of the judicial practice in the United States. The sixth chapter: the Enlightenment of the application of the American judicial practice to the efficiency breach of contract theory. This chapter first analyzes the efficiency breach rules embodied in the contract law of China, and then summarizes the reference of the American practice to the specific rules and principles in the application of efficiency breach of contract theory in China.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D971.2;DD916
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本文編號(hào)：1782312